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Kaliningrad Oblast, often referred to as the Kaliningrad Region in English, or simply Kaliningrad, is a federal subject and exclave of the Russian Federation, located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Its constitutional status is equal to each of the other 85 federal subjects. Its administrative centre is the city of Kaliningrad, formerly known as Königsberg. The port of Baltiysk, in the oblast, is the only Baltic port in the Russian Federation that remains ice-free in winter. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 941,873.
Sambia or Samland or Kaliningrad Peninsula is a peninsula in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, on the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea. The peninsula is bounded by the Curonian Lagoon, the Vistula Lagoon, the Pregel River, and the Deyma River. As Samland is surrounded on all sides by water, it is technically an island. Prior to 1945 it formed an important part of East Prussia.
Chernyakhovsk – known prior to 1946 by its German name of
East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 ; following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Its capital city was Königsberg. East Prussia was the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast.
Gusev, previously known by its German name Gumbinnen, is a town and the administrative center of Gusevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Pissa and Krasnaya Rivers, near the border with Poland and Lithuania, east of Chernyakhovsk. Population figures: 28,260 (2010 Census); 28,467 (2002 Census); 27,031 (1989 Census).
Prussia is a historical region in Europe on the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, that ranges from the Gulf of Gdańsk in the west to the end of the Curonian Spit in the east and extends inland as far as Masuria. Tacitus' Germania is the oldest known record of an eyewitness account on the territory and its inhabitants. Pliny the Elder had already confirmed, that the Romans had navigated into the waters beyond the Cimbric peninsula (Jutland). Suiones, Sitones, Goths and other Germanic people had settled to the east and west of the Vistula River, adjacent to the Aesti, who lived further to the east.
Baltiysk, prior to 1946 known by its German name Pillau, is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay. Population: 32,697 (2010 Census); 33,252 (2002 Census); 27,070 (1989 Census).
Gvardeysk, known prior to 1946 by its German name
Znamensk is a rural locality in Gvardeysky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pregolya River at its confluence with the Lava River 50 kilometers (31 mi) east of Kaliningrad. Population figures: 4,036 (2010 Census); 4,302 (2002 Census); 4,570 (1989 Census).
Pravdinsk, prior to 1946 known by its German name Friedland is a town and the administrative center of Pravdinsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Lava River, approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) east of Bagrationovsk and 53 kilometers (33 mi) southeast of Kaliningrad. Population figures: 4,323 (2010 Census); 4,480 (2002 Census); 4,143 (1989 Census).
Bagrationovsk, prior to 1946 known by its German name Preußisch Eylau is a town and the administrative center of Bagrationovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located 37 kilometers (23 mi) south of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast. It has a population of 6,400 (2010 Census).
Yantarny, previously known in German as
Königsberg is the name for the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Originally a Sambian or Old Prussian settlement, it then belonged to the State of the Teutonic Order, the Duchy of Prussia, the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, and Nazi Germany. After being largely destroyed in World War II by Allied bombing and the Red Army, it was annexed by the Soviet Union and its surviving inhabitants forcibly expelled. Thereafter, the city was renamed Kaliningrad. Few traces of the former Königsberg remain today.
Nesterov, until 1938 known by its German name Stallupönen and in 1938-1946 as Ebenrode, is a town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located 140 kilometers (87 mi) east of Kaliningrad, near the Russian-Lithuanian border on the railway connecting Kaliningrad Oblast with Moscow. Population figures: 4,595 (2010 Census); 5,049 (2002 Census); 4,826 (1989 Census).
Sovetsk, before 1946 known as Tilsit in German in East Prussia, is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River.
Steindamm Church, St Nicholas' Church, or Polish Church was the oldest church in the city formerly known as Königsberg, and today known as Kaliningrad, Russia.
Mendeleyevo is a rural locality in the Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As Poggenpfuhl, it was part of Germany until the end of World War II.
Kaliningrad, is the largest city and the administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, the westernmost Oblast of Russia. The city is situated on the Pregolya River, at the head of the Vistula Lagoon on the Baltic Sea, with a population of 489,359 residents, up to 800,000 residents in the agglomeration. Kaliningrad is the second-largest city in the Northwestern Federal District, after Saint Petersburg, the third-largest city in the Baltic region, and the seventh-largest city on the Baltic Sea.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. Prior to 1945, the city was known as Königsberg.
The Kaliningrad question is a political question concerning the status of Kaliningrad Oblast as an exclave of Russia, and its isolation from the rest of the Baltic region following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.
References
- ↑ Bolles, Blair (1958). The big change in Europe. Norton. p. 120.
- ↑ Jasiński, Janusz (1994). Historia Królewca: szkice z XIII-XX stulecia. Książnica Polska. pp. 80, 103–104. ISBN 8385702032.
- ↑ Holborn, Hajo (1964). A History of Modern Germany: 1648-1840 . New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 245.
- ↑ Zammito, John H. (2002). Kant, Herder, and the birth of anthropology. University of Chicago Press. p. 392. ISBN 9780226978598.