Related Research Articles
In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in multicellular eukaryotes, as studied in evolutionary developmental biology.
E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a. Six others act as repressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8. All of them are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. E2Fs as TFs bind to the TTTCCCGC consensus binding site in the target promoter sequence.
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC1 gene.
Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIN3A gene.
Histone H3.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H3F3A and H3F3B genes. It plays an essential role in maintaining genome integrity during mammalian development.
Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) and KRAB-associated protein-1 (KAP1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM28 gene.
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD2 gene.
Histone deacetylase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC9 gene.
Core histone macro-H2A.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFY gene.
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SETDB1 gene. SETDB1 is also known as KMT1E or H3K9 methyltransferase ESET.
Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHAF1B gene.
Histone chaperone ASF1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASF1A gene.
Inhibitor of growth protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING4 gene.
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD8 gene.
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like (ALC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD1L gene. It has been implicated in chromatin remodeling and DNA relaxation process required for DNA replication, repair and transcription. The ALC1 comprises ATPase domain and macro domain. On the basis of homology within the ATPase domain, ALC1 belongs to Snf2 family.
Peregrin also known as bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRPF1 gene located on 3p26-p25. Peregrin is a multivalent chromatin regulator that recognizes different epigenetic marks and activates three histone acetyltransferases. BRPF1 contains two PHD fingers, one bromodomain and one chromo/Tudor-related Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain.
H3K4me3 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3 that indicates tri-methylation at the 4th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein and is often involved in the regulation of gene expression. The name denotes the addition of three methyl groups (trimethylation) to the lysine 4 on the histone H3 protein.
H3K27me3 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 protein.
H3K9me2 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the di-methylation at the 9th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. H3K9me2 is strongly associated with transcriptional repression. H3K9me2 levels are higher at silent compared to active genes in a 10kb region surrounding the transcriptional start site. H3K9me2 represses gene expression both passively, by prohibiting acetylation as therefore binding of RNA polymerase or its regulatory factors, and actively, by recruiting transcriptional repressors. H3K9me2 has also been found in megabase blocks, termed Large Organised Chromatin K9 domains (LOCKS), which are primarily located within gene-sparse regions but also encompass genic and intergenic intervals. Its synthesis is catalyzed by G9a, G9a-like protein, and PRDM2. H3K9me2 can be removed by a wide range of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) including KDM1, KDM3, KDM4 and KDM7 family members. H3K9me2 is important for various biological processes including cell lineage commitment, the reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells, regulation of the inflammatory response, and addiction to drug use.
H3K4me1 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the mono-methylation at the 4th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein and often associated with gene enhancers.
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: Scm-like with four mbt domains 1" . Retrieved 2013-11-22.
- ↑ Wu, Shumin; Trievel, Raymond C.; Rice, Judd C. (2007-07-10). "Human SFMBT is a transcriptional repressor protein that selectively binds the N‐terminal tail of histone H3". FEBS Letters. 581 (17): 3289–3296. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.025 . ISSN 0014-5793. PMC 2045647 . PMID 17599839.
- ↑ "SCM-like protein with 4 MBT domains 1; SFMBT1". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
- ↑ X, Liu; JM, Simon; H, Xie; L, Hu; J, Wang; G, Zurlo; C, Fan; TS, Ptacek; L, Herring; X, Tan; M, Li; AS, Baldwin; WY, Kim; T, Wu; MW, Kirschner; K, Gong; Q, Zhang. "Genome-wide Screening Identifies SFMBT1 as an Oncogenic Driver in Cancer with VHL Loss". Molecular cell. 77 (6). Mol Cell. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.009 . ISSN 1097-4164. PMID 32023483 . Retrieved 2024-12-10.
