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In modern usage, hijab generally refers to various head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women. While a hijab can come in many forms, it often specifically refers to a headscarf, wrapped around the head, covering the hair, neck and ears, but leaving the face visible. The use of the hijab has been on the rise worldwide since the 1970s and is viewed by many Muslims as expressing modesty and faith. There is a consensus among Islamic religious scholars that covering the head is either required or preferred, though some Muslim scholars and activists argue that it is not mandated. According to the Harvard University Pluralism Project: "Some Muslim women cover their head only during prayer in the mosque; other Muslim women wear the hijab; still others may cover their head with a turban or a loosely draped scarf."
Islam is the third largest religion in the United States (1%), behind Christianity and Judaism, equaling Buddhism and Hinduism percentage wise. A 2017 study estimated that 3.45 million Muslim Americans live in the United States, about 1.1 percent of the total U.S. population. In 2017, 20 states which were mostly in the South and Midwest reported Islam being the largest non-Christian religion. In 2020, the U.S. Religion Census found there to be 4.45 million Muslim Americans in the country, making up 1.3% of the population.
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The Center for Security Policy (CSP) is a US far-right, anti-Muslim, Washington, D.C.-based think tank. The founder and former president of the organization was Frank J. Gaffney Jr.. The current president is Tommy Waller, a former US Marine. CSP sometimes operates under its DBA name Secure Freedom. The organization also operates a public counter-jihad campaign and the website counterjihad.com.
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Various styles of head coverings, most notably the khimar, hijab, chador, niqab, paranja, yashmak, tudong, shayla, safseri, carşaf, haik, dupatta, boshiya and burqa, are worn by Muslim women around the world, where the practice varies from mandatory to optional or restricted in different majority Muslim and non-Muslim countries.
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Islamophobia in Norway refers to the set of discourses, behaviours and structures which express feelings of anxiety, fear, hostility and rejection towards Islam and/or Muslims in Norway. Islamophobia can manifest itself through discrimination in the workforce, negative coverage in the media, and violence against Muslims.
References
- ↑ "The Voter's Self Defense System".
- 1 2 Nguyen, Tina (December 11, 2015). "Why These Muslim Republicans Aren't Worried About Trump". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- 1 2 "Republican Muslim Leader Wants Trump To Address Religious Prejudice". National Public Radio. February 28, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- 1 2 "I am Muslim and Republican – and was attacked by people in my party". The Guardian. July 4, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 "Who Is Saba Ahmed? Muslim Republican Wearing American Flag Hijab Spars With Trump Spokesperson On Fox News". International Business Times. November 18, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 Mapes, Jeff (August 19, 2011). "Saba Ahmed's unusual race for an Oregon congressional seat". The Oregonian. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- 1 2 3 "Saba Ahmed: Urging US Muslims to vote Republican". Al Jazeera. February 5, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- 1 2 "Heritage event attendee describes 'a hostile, unfriendly environment'". The Washington Post. June 19, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- ↑ Freedman, Samuel G. (January 8, 2016). "A Republican Muslim Out to Expand the Ranks". The New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- ↑ Theriault, Denis (December 2, 2010). "No One Was Going to Die". Portland Mercury. ProQuest 845512930.
- ↑ Woolington, Rebecca (January 20, 2011). "Missing Beaverton woman found safe in California hotel". The Oregonian. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ↑ Milbank, Dana (June 16, 2014). "Dana Milbank: Heritage's ugly Benghazi panel". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ↑ "Can Anyone Explain Why Saba Ahmed is Wearing That?". Huffington Post. November 18, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- ↑ Amatulli, Jenna (November 18, 2015). "Total Badass Goes On Fox News In Patriotic Hijab". Huffington Post. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- ↑ Canal, Emily (November 19, 2015). "Saba Ahmed's American Flag Hijab Is A $10 Scarf Sold In Times Square". Forbes. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ↑ Nigh, Ben; Shamsian, Jacob (December 5, 2015). "This Muslim woman is a proud Republican — and she thinks Trump will come around on Islam". Business Insider. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ↑ Bettis, Kara (November 30, 2015). "Muslim Republican Saba Ahmed works to build bridges". New Boston Post. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ↑ Goldmacher, Shane (December 11, 2015). "Republican Muslim Coalition founder to Trump: Come to a mosque with me". Politico. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ↑ Mak, Tim (November 25, 2015). "Republican Muslims Hope the GOP Hate Away". The Daily Beast. Retrieved July 5, 2018.