Sadruddin Khan Azurda Dehlawi

Last updated

Sadruddin Khan Azurda Dehlawi (1804 -1868) was an Islamic scholar, leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and poet during British era. He was Grand Mufti Delhi and worked for the rebellion against British government. [1] [2]

Contents

Career

Dehlawi received education from Shah Abdul Aziz, an authority on ahadith in Delhi, and from scholar Fazle Imam Farooqi Khairabadi. Sadruddin Azurda was an examiner of Arabic at the Anglo-Oriental College and was also a disciple of both the Madrassahs Khairabadi and the Madrassah Rahimiyyah. [3] He was authorities on Ilm al-Hadith and Ilm al-Fiqh during 19th century. [4]

He was the Sadr Amin of Delhi from 1827 to 1846 and Sadrus Sudoor also known as Grand Mufti of Delhi from 1846 to 1857. The houses of Sadruddin Azurda was the meeting places of rebel leaders, scholars, poets, and literary figures. [5]

Thirty scholars at Delhi, including Rahmatullah Kairnawi, Sadruddin Khan Azurda, Sarfraz Ali, and Fazle Haq Khairabadi signed the declaration stating the uprising of 1857 was a jihad. [3] Due to his position among the scholars he influenced number of scholars and among them prominent fighter of mutiny was Maulana Ahmadullah Shah Madrasi. Madarasi was one of the main leader of Indian rebel movement who launched revolts in all of the Awadh region [2]

He mediated between the English and Mughal elites and held consultations with Bahadur Shah Zafar during the rebellion to strengthen the mutiny and reconciled the jihadis, the court and the sepoys to avoid a possible civil war between Indian fighters. [6] [7]

He was tried in court of Law due to his involvement in 1857 rebellion and his property was confiscated. Mufti Sadruddin 'Azurda', himself a poet, was known to be an acquaintance and admirer of Ghalib. [6]

Syed Ahmed Khan considered him accomplished Scholar. [8] Hakim Abdul Hai Rae Barelwi considered him as the pride of India who had no match in scholarly accomplishments and excellence. [9]

Students

Dehlawi taught in the madrasa Darul Baqa at Shahjahani Masjid Red Fort. [10]

His students include: [6]

Poet

As a poet Dehlawi used the pen name Azurda in literary circles. [11]

Death

He died on 1868.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deobandi movement</span> Sunni revivalist movement

The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband, India, from which the name derives, by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and several others, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulema of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist, secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khalifat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darul Uloom Deoband</span> Islamic seminary in Uttar Pradesh, India

Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary in India at which the Deobandi movement began. It was established by the Indian Muslim theologians in the wake of the failure of War of Independence 1857 which had caused the abolition of Mughal Empire and politico-economic predicament of the South Asian Muslims. It aimed at reforming and uplifting the Muslim society on orthodox lines, and preserving the Muslim culture from the influence of modernism, Christian and Hindu missionary activities. It is located in Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</span> Indian Muslim scholar and activist (1851–1920)

Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the Indian independence movement, who co-founded the Jamia Millia Islamia university and launched the Silk Letter Movement for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the Darul Uloom Deoband seminary. His teachers included Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Mahmud Deobandi, and he was authorized in Sufism by Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.

Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi was a Hanafi jurist, rationalist scholar, Maturidi theologian, philosopher and poet. He was an activist of the Indian independence movement and campaigned against British occupation. He issued an early religious edict in favour of doing military jihad against British colonialism during 1857 and inspired various others to participate in the 1857 rebellion. He wrote Taḥqīqulfatvá fī ibt̤āl al-t̤ug̲h̲vá in refutation of Ismail Dehlvi's Taqwiyat al-Imān and authored books such as al-S̲aurah al-Hindiyah.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi</span>

Hakim Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi, also known as Shahid Rabay was an Indian Shia author and a practitioner of Unani medicine in Delhi.

Kifayatullah Dehlawi, was an Indian Islamic scholar and a Hanafi jurist, who served as the first president of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind, and the second rector of the Madrasa Aminia. He was regarded as the Grand Mufti of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</span> Council of Indian Muslim theologians

Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind is one of the leading organizations of Islamic scholars belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in India. It was founded in November 1919 by a group of Muslim scholars including Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti and Sanaullah Amritsari.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shahzad A. Rizvi</span> American poet

Dr. Shahzad A. Rizvi Ph.D. is an Indian-born American author, scholar and Urdu poet. His English language works include historical novels set in India and scholarly articles on Urdu literary figures. His Urdu language works include numerous poems and ghazals.

Bismil Azimabadi was an Indian freedom fighter, landlord, and an Urdu poet from Patna, the capital of Bihar.

Nawab Mustafa Khan "Shefta" (1809–1869) was an Urdu poet and critic, and a contemporary of Mirza Ghalib. "Shefta" was his Urdu "takhallus" or pen name.

Ahmadullah Shah famous as Maulvi of Faizabad, famous freedom fighter and was a leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah was known as the lighthouse of rebellion in Awadh region. British officers like George Bruce Malleson and Thomas Seaton made mentions about the courage, valour, personal and organizational capabilities of Ahmadullah. G. B. Malleson mentions Ahmadullah repeatedly in the History of Indian Mutiny, a book written in 6 volumes covering Indian revolt of 1857. Thomas Seaton describes Ahmadullah Shah as:

A man of great abilities, of undaunted courage, of stern determination, and by far the best soldier among the rebels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Mufti of India</span> Senior and influential religious authority of the Muslims in India

The Grand Mufti of India is the most senior and influential religious authority of the Sunni Muslim Community of India. The incumbent is Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad, general secretary of All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama, who was conferred the title in February 2019 at the Gareeb Nawaz Peace Conference held at Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi, organised by the All India Tanzeem Ulama-e-Islam.

Muhammad Miyan Deobandi was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar, academic, historian, freedom struggle activist, who served as the fifth general secretary of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. He wrote books such as Aseeraan-e-Malta, Ulama-e-Hind Ka Shaandar Maazi and Ulama-e-Haqq Aur Unke Mujahidana Karname.

Madrassa Shahi is an Islamic seminary in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1879 by the poor Muslims of Moradabad under the supervision of Islamic scholar, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, who also established the Darul Uloom Deoband. This started as Madrasatul Ghuraba, but gained recognition as Madrasa Shahi. Its first principal was Ahmad Hasan Amrohi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrasa Aminia</span> Islamic seminary in India

Madrasa Aminia Islamia Arabia is an Islamic seminary in Delhi.

The Siddiqi family of Nanauta are the descendants of the first Rashidun Caliph, Abu Bakr, based primarily in the town of Nanauta in India. The notable people of this family include Mamluk Ali Nanautawi, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi and Muhammad Salim Qasmi.

Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi was an Indian Muslim scholar, jurist, literary critic, and a poet of the Urdu language, who served as the rector of Madrasa Aminia from 1955 to 1979. He participated in the Indian freedom struggle movement and authored books such as Adabī bhūl bhulayyān̲, Urdū Masdar Nāmā and Taz̲kirah-yi Sā'il. He compiled the religious edicts of his father Kifayatullah Dehlawi as Kifāyat al-Mufti in nine volumes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jalaluddin Tabrizi</span> Sufi saint of Bengal

Abū al-Qāsim Jalāl ad-Dīn Tabrīzī was a celebrated Sufi saint of South Asia. He arrived in Bengal shortly after the start of its Muslim rule, where he propagated Islam to the local populace and spent the rest of his life. The Jaliliyyah Order, a small tariqah, is named after him, and he is considered to be the protagonist of the Sanskrit fiction Sekhaśubhodayā.

References

  1. ↑ Malleson, George Bruce (1880). History of the Indian Mutiny 1857-1858. Vol. 3 (2st ed.). pp. 590–591.
  2. 1 2 Dehlvi, Ghulam Rasool. "An untold historical account of the 18 th century Indian ulema's valiant struggles for the Independence" – via www.academia.edu.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. 1 2 Bi, N., 2020. The Impact Of British Christian Missionaries On Indian Religious, Social And Cultural Life Between 1800 And 1857. With Particular Reference To The Role Of Missionaries In The Events Leading Up To The 1857 Mutiny. [online] Bradscholars.brad.ac.uk. Available at: <https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/handle/10454/6296> [Accessed 19 June 2020].
  4. ↑ Mushtaq Ahmad, W., 1999. Development of Islamic Sciences in Kashmir. [online] Core.ac.uk. Available at: <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144508749.pdf> [Accessed 19 June 2020].
  5. ↑ Some Prominent Ulema of 1857 Revolt By Allama Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi, published by Darul Qalam Delhi.
  6. 1 2 3 Islahi, Abdur Rehman Pervaz, Mufti Sadruddin Hayat, Shakhsiyat, Ilm our Adabi Karname, published by Maktaba Jamia Delhi, 1977 available at https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mufti-sadruddin-aazurda-hayat-shakhsiyat-ilmi-aur-adabi-karname-abdur-rahman-parwaz-islahi-ebooks/
  7. ↑ "Salaam Biographies". www.salaam.co.uk.
  8. ↑ “ Aasaarus Sanaadid” ( P 524)
  9. ↑ Gul-i Ra’na, P 227, Azamgadh)
  10. ↑ Sir Syed Ahmed khan, Aasaarus Sanaadid p.283
  11. ↑ "All writings of Mufti Sadruddin Aazurda". Rekhta.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.