Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Waqid al-Aslami (c. 130 – 207 AH; commonly referred as commonly referred to as al-Waqidi was an early Muslim historian and biographer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, specializing in his military campaigns. His surname is derived from his grandfather's name Waqid, and thus he became famous as al-Imam al-Waqidi. He served as a judge for the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun. Several of al-Waqidi's works are known through his scribe and student, Ibn Sa'd.
Salaf, also often referred to with the honorific expression of al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ, are often taken to be the first three generations of Muslims. This comprises companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, their followers, and the followers of the followers. Their religious significance lay in the statement attributed to Muhammad: "The best of my community are my generation, the ones who follow them and the ones who follow them", a period believed to exemplify the purest form of Islam. The generations of Muslims after the third are referred to as the Khalaf.
Abu 'Afak was a Jewish poet who allegedly lived in the Hijaz region. After Muhammad moved to the city of Al-Madina and started to preach Islam, Abu 'Afak did not convert to Islam and was vocal about his opposition to Muhammad. He became a significant political enemy of Muhammad and was subsequently assassinated by a follower of Muhammad.
Bilāl ibn Rabāḥ was one of the Sahabah (companions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was born in Mecca and is considered to have been the first mu'azzin in history, chosen by Muhammad himself. He was a former slave and was known for his voice with which he called people to their prayers. He died in 640, around the age of 60.
Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani, also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, born Jundab ibn Junādah, was the fourth or fifth person converting to Islam, and a member of the Muhajirun. He belonged to the Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah tribe. His date of birth is unknown. He died in 652 CE, at Al-Rabadha, in the desert east of Medina.
Salim Mawla Abi Ḥudhayfah was a Persian, an early companion of prophet Muhammad and was described to be prominent and knowledgeable. He was named so since he was the freed slave of Abū Ḥudhayfah ibn 'Utba, see Mawla.
Bishr ibn al-Ḥārith better known as Bishr al-Ḥāfī was a Muslim saint born near Merv in about 767 C.E. He converted and studied Muslim tradition under Al-Fozail ibn Iyaz. Bishr became famous as one of the greatest saints in the area.
Tāj al-Dīn Abū'l-Faḍl Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Hussein ibn ʿAṭā Allāh al-Judhami al-Iskandarī al-Shādhilī was an Egyptian Malikite jurist, muhaddith and the third murshid of the Shadhili Sufi order.
Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Shihab az-Zuhri, also referred to as Ibn Shihab or az-Zuhri, was a tabi'i Arab jurist and traditionist credited with pioneering the development of sīra-maghazi and hadith literature.
Abu Muhammad Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib ibn Hazn al-Makhzumi was one of the foremost authorities of jurisprudence (fiqh) among the taba'een. He was based in Medina.
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya, also known as Abū Hāshim was a member of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca. He was one of the Salaf and a narrator of hadith. After Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya died, his son Abu Hashim claimed the Imamate. According to medieval mystic Jami, Abu Hashim was the first person to be called a "Sufi".
Muqātil ibn Sulaymān was an 8th-century Muslim scholar of the Quran, controversial for his anthropomorphism. He wrote one of the earliest, if not first, commentaries of the Qur'an which is still available today.
Tazkirat al-Awliyā – variant transliterations: Tazkirat al-Awliyā`, Tadhkirat al-Awliya, Tazkerat-ol-Owliya, Tezkereh-i-Evliā etc., – is a hagiographic collection of ninety-six Sufi saints and their miracles (Karamat) by the twelfth–thirteenth-century Persian poet and mystic, Farīd al-Dīn ‘Aṭṭar. ‘Aṭṭar's only surviving prose work comprises 72-chapters, beginning with the life of Jafar Sadiq, the Sixth Shia Imam, and ending with the Sufi Martyr, Mansur Al-Hallaj's.
Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah ibn Dulaym Al Ansari was the chief of the Sa'ida clan of the Khazraj tribe in Medina in the early seventh century. He was later recognised as the chief of the whole Khazraj tribe, and then of all the Ansar. He was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and he made an abortive attempt to nominate himself as caliph of Islam after Muhammad's death.
Abū Muḥammad Sufyān ibn ʽUyaynah ibn Maymūn al-Hilālī al-Kūfī was a prominent eighth-century Islamic religious scholar from Mecca. He was from the third generation of Islam referred to as the Tabi' al-Tabi'in, "the followers of the followers". He specialized in the field of hadith and Quran exegesis and was described by al-Dhahabi as Shaykh al-Islam—a preeminent Islamic authority. Some of his students achieved much renown in their own right, establishing schools of thought that have survived until the present.
The invasion of Banu Nadir took place in May 625 CE 4. The account is related in Surah Al-Hashr which describes the banishment of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir, who were expelled from Medina when believed to be plotting to assassinate the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Abd al-Salam ibn Salih ibn Sulayman ibn Ayyub ibn Maysara al-Qurashi, al-Harawi, al-Naysapuri, the servant of Abd al-Rahman son of Samara. Nicknamed: Abu Salt.
Abu Salih as-Samman was an early Islamic scholar of Medinah. He was a narrator of Hadith is among the Tabi'un generation of Muslims.
