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Samuel Korecki's expedition to Moldavia | |||||||
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Part of Moldavian-Polish War Polish-Ottoman Wars | |||||||
Samuel Korecki | |||||||
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Samuel Korecki's expedition to Moldavia in 1615-1616 was an unsuccessful military intervention aimed at placing on the Moldavian throne Alexandru Movila, who was favorable to Samuel Korecki. Korecki, despite initial successes, was defeated by the Ottoman-Tatar-Moldavian army in the Battle of Cornul lui Sas in 1616, after which he was captured and imprisoned in Yedikule prison. However, Korecki managed to escape and return to Poland in the spring of 1618.
Samuel Korecki married the daughter of Moldavian hospodar Ieremia Movilă, famous for her beauty Catherine, which drew him and his wife's brothers-in-law into dynastic struggles in Moldavia and Wallachia.
Ieramia Movila died in 1606, orphaning the ambitious widow Elisabeta and several children who were still underage. In view of this, the throne fell to Ieremia's brother Simion, who after less than a year in power died under not entirely clear circumstances. He was probably poisoned by Elizabeth. [1] [2] However, Simion's son Mikhail came to the throne in Moldavia, which led to a bloody civil war. The Polish nobility intervened in the war, Stanisław Zolkiewski stood up for Mikhail and the Potocki and Wiśniowiecki families stood up for Elisabeta, and in 1607 a private army of the Potocki family marched into Moldavia, defeating the opposition at the battle of Stefanesti and placing Elisabeth's eldest son Constantin on the throne. [1]
The change of power in Moldavia was opposed by the Ottomans, to whom Moldavia was paying tribute at the time, and in 1611 they dethroned Constantin and appointed Ștefan IX Tomșa as the new hospodar. Tomșa banished Elisabeta from the country, who sought help in Poland, in 1612 Stefan Potocki set out to help Elisabeta, whose expedition, however, was not successful, and the candidate for the throne Constantin, who accompanied him, died while crossing the Dnieper, Stefan Potocki himself was taken prisoner.
After Constantine's death, Elisabeth did not give up the Moldavian throne and wanted to make Alexandru the new hospodar. While staying in Poland she met Samuel Korecki who offered her his help. [3]
Soon after, in 1615, Korecki together with Michał Wiśniowiecki and Alexandru embarked on an armed expedition to the Moldavian capital of Iași where they smashed Tomsa's army. [4] Twelve-year-old Alexandru took power in Moldavia. And soon after the victory, in order to consolidate the alliance, Korecki married Catherine Movila daughter of Ieremia Movilă. [1] [5]
The change of power was opposed by the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I who ordered his other subject, the Wallachian voivode Radu Mihnea, to remove Alexandru from the throne. Unluckily for Alexandru, his protector Michał Wiśniowiecki died, probably after being poisoned. Samuel Korecki was thus left alone, so he gathered an army in Poland and set out on another armed expedition to Moldavia. This time, however, Poland cut itself off from this expedition in order to avoid open conflict with the Ottoman Empire. The Turks expelled Alexandru from the capital and appointed Radu Mihnea in his place, the Turkish-Tatar forces defeated Korecki at the Battle of Cornul lui Sas, and Korecki himself was taken captive by them.
Korecki was imprisoned in one of the toughest prisons of the Ottoman Empire located in Istanbul, Yedikule. [1] The family and especially Samuel Korecki's brother tried to bail him out of prison, but the Turks were not going to let him go because they treated him as a fierce enemy of their interests. Help was found on the spot. Korecki lowered himself from the tower after a rope, finding refuge in the house of a Greek clergyman, where he waited out the search. After a few weeks, disguised as a monk and with a false passport, he reached Naples and then Rome. There he was granted an audience by pope Paul V. Then via Vienna, where the Emperor received him, he returned to his homeland in the spring of 1618. [6]
The escape made Korecki's name famous in Europe, but it did not yet end the prince's Moldavian-Magnate adventures. [6]
In 1620 he accompanied Stanisław Zółkiewski on an expedition to Moldavia where he was again taken prisoner after the Battle of Cecora. In 1621, however, the Ottoman army suffered a severe defeat at the Battle of Khotyn. As part of the Treaty of Khotyn, the Ottomans agreed to release Polish prisoners who had been captured a year earlier. Samuel Korecki was too much of a threat to them, and the Turks could not afford to release him. Shortly after that, Polish envoy Krzysztof Zbaraski arrived in Istanbul to bail out Korecki from prison. [4] So the Turks decided to get rid of Korecki in advance and most likely strangled him in prison. According to legends, before his death, Korecki managed to kill several attackers with his bare hands. [1]
Moldavia is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia, all of Bukovina and Hertsa. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time.
The Battle of Cecora took place during the Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman forces, fought from 17 September to 7 October 1620 in Moldavia, near the Prut River.
The Moldavian Magnate Wars, or Moldavian Ventures, refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination and influence over the principality.
Samuel Korecki nobleman (szlachcic) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, adventurer and military commander carrying a titular rank of colonel. His coat of arms was Pogonia. He spent his life as a military men, fighting both private and state sponsored wars.
Michael the Brave, born as Mihai Pătrașcu, was the Prince of Wallachia, Prince of Moldavia (1600) and de facto ruler of Transylvania (1599–1600). He is considered one of Romania's greatest national heroes. Since the 19th century, Michael the Brave has been regarded by Romanian nationalists as a symbol of Romanian unity, as his reign marked the first time all principalities inhabited by Romanians were under the same ruler.
Ieremia Movilă, was a Voivode (Prince) of Moldavia between August 1595 and May 1600, and again between September 1600 and July 10, 1606. At the time, Moldavia was a vassal province of the Ottoman empire.
The Early Modern Times in Romania started after the death of Michael the Brave, who ruled in a personal union, Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldavia – three principalities in the lands that now form Romania – for three months, in 1600. The three principalities were subjected to the Ottoman Empire, and paid a yearly tribute to the Ottoman Sultans, but they preserved their internal autonomy. In contrast, Dobruja and the Banat were fully incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.
The House of Movileşti, also Movilă or Moghilă, was a family of boyars in the principality of Moldavia, which became related through marriage with the Muşatin family – the traditional House of Moldavian sovereigns.
Simion Movilă, a boyar of the Movilești family, was twice Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia from July 1606 until his death.
The Polish-Ottoman Wars were a series of conflicts that took place between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries. These wars were part of the broader struggle for dominance in Eastern Europe between Christian and Muslim powers. The conflicts involved territorial disputes, religious differences, and power struggles in the region.
The Battle of Cecora took place on October 19–20, 1595, during an expedition of Jan Zamoyski, of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to Moldavia, as part of the Moldavian Magnate Wars.
Doamna Elisabeta Movilă was a Princess consort of Moldavia by marriage to Ieremia Movilă. She was regent in Moldavia in 1607–1611 on the behalf of her son Constantin I Movilă and her son Alexandru Movilă in 1615–1616. She was described as proud, ambitious and beautiful.
The Battle of Cornul lui Sas took place on 9 July 1612 between the forces of Ștefan IX Tomșa, the ruler of Moldavia, and the Budjak Horde led by Khan Temir ), and a private army assembled by Stefan Potocki, voivode of Bratslav in the (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in order to reinstall his brother in law Constantin Movilă as Moldavian ruler. By tacking this stance, Potocki openly defied the king's order to avoid any conflict with Ottomans. The battle resulted in a clear defeat of the Potocki's army. Both Stefan Potocki and Constantin Movilă's mother, Elisabeta Movilă were captured by Ottomans.
Regina Wisniowiecka was a Polish noble lady originally from Moldavia. She was a wife of Michał Wiśniowiecki and patron of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Costea Bucioc or Coste Băcioc was a Moldavian statesman, commander of the military forces, and father-in-law of Prince Lupu (Vasile) Coci. He began his political career in the 1580s, emerging in the late 1590s as an ally of the Movilești dynasty, with then-Prince Ieremia Movilă advancing him to the post of Clucer. From 1601, he was Constantin Movilă's Paharnic, receiving from him the estate of Deleni and other villages around Hârlău, which formed part of a Bucioc domain that also extended into Bukovina and Bessarabia. Together with the Movilești, he became one of the great landowners of his generation, and one of the first Moldavian boyars known to have owned serfs. Some of his assets went into refurbishing Râșca Monastery, of which he was patron, or ktitor.
Stefan Tomşa IX, of Moldavia was Prince of Moldavia for two reigns, in 1611–1615 and in 1621–1623. His reigns were concurrent with the period of Romanian and Eastern European history known as the Moldavian Magnate Wars, a long conflict in the early modern states of Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania, in which the Moldavian state was alternatively influenced by the Austrian Habsburgs, the Ottoman Empire, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was placed on the throne of Moldavia in 1611 following the deposition of the preceding Prince, Constantin Movila by the Ottomans, in the same year as Radu Mihnea was placed on the throne of neighboring Wallachia.
Constantin Movilă was the Prince of Moldavia from 1607 to 1611. The son of Prince Ieremia Movilă and driven by his mother, the ambitious Erszébet Csomortany de Losoncz, he twice seized the Moldovan throne at the expense of his cousin Mihai Movilă, son of Simion I Movilă in 1607.
Alexandru Movilă was Prince of Moldavia from 1615 to 1616.
Jan Zamoyski's expedition to Moldavia was a successful military campaign in 1595 that aimed to establish Moldavia as a Polish vassal state.
Moldavian–Polish War may refer: