The president of Venezuela,officially known as the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela,is the head of state and head of government in Venezuela. The president leads the National Executive of the Venezuelan government and is the commander-in-chief of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces. Presidential terms were set at six years with the adoption of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela,and presidential term limits were removed in 2009.
Nicolás Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician who has served as the president of Venezuela since 2013.
Elías JoséJaua Milano is a Venezuelan politician and former university professor who serves as the Minister of Education of Venezuela. He served as the vice president of Venezuela from January 2010 to October 2012 and had been Minister of Foreign Affairs from January 2013 until September 2014.
The nations of Mexico and Venezuela established diplomatic relations in 1831,however,diplomatic relations between both nations have been historically unstable on several occasions. During the Venezuelan presidential crisis,Mexico took a neutral position and has continued to maintain diplomatic relations with the government of President Nicolás Maduro.
Jorge Alberto Arreaza Montserrat is a Venezuelan politician who has held several important positions in the administration of President Hugo Chávez and his successor Nicolás Maduro. From August 2017 to August 2021,Arreaza served as Venezuela's Minister of Foreign Affairs. Arreaza has been sanctioned by Canada and the United States for his role in the violation of human rights in Venezuela.
Delcy Eloína Rodríguez Gómez is a Venezuelan politician serving as the vice president of Venezuela since 2018. She was also Minister of Popular Power for Communication and Information of Venezuela from 2013 to 2014,Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2014 to 2017 and President of the Constituent Assembly of Venezuela from 4 August 2017 to 14 June 2018. The European Union,the United States and Canada have placed sanctions on her.
The Constituent National Assembly was a constituent assembly elected in 2017 to draft a new constitution for Venezuela. Its members were elected in a special 2017 election that was condemned by over forty mostly Latin American and Western states. The Democratic Unity Roundtable—the opposition to the incumbent ruling party—also boycotted the election claiming that the Constituent Assembly was "a trick to keep [the incumbent ruling party] in power." Since the opposition did not participate in the election,the incumbent Great Patriotic Pole,dominated by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela,won almost all seats in the assembly by default.
Events of 2019 in Venezuela.
Juan Gerardo GuaidóMárquez is a Venezuelan opposition politician. He belonged to the social-democratic party Popular Will,and was a federal deputy to the National Assembly representing the state of Vargas. On 23 January 2019,Guaidóand the National Assembly declared that he was acting president of Venezuela,starting the Venezuelan presidential crisis by challenging Nicolás Maduro's presidency. In December 2022,opposition parties voted to dismiss Guaidóas interim president,choosing Dinorah Figuera as a successor on 5 January 2023 and ending Guaidó's presidential claim.
The Venezuelan presidential crisis was a political crisis concerning the leadership and the legitimate president of Venezuela between 2019 and 2023,with the nation and the world divided in support for Nicolás Maduro or Juan Guaidó.
Gustavo Tarre Briceño is a Venezuelan politician,lawyer,author,professor of constitutional law and politic science,and representative to the Organization of American States (OAS).
During the presidential crisis between the Venezuelan governments of Nicolás Maduro and Juan Guaidó,a coalition of Colombia,Brazil,the United States and the Netherlands attempted to bring essential goods as a response to shortages in Venezuela. The three main bases used for the operation are:the Colombian city of Cúcuta,the Brazilian state of Roraima,,and the island of Curaçao,of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
During the Venezuelan presidential crisis concerning the legitimate President of Venezuela,reactions and responses to the crisis were greatly divided.
During the crisis in Venezuela,governments of the United States,the European Union (E.U.),Canada,Mexico,Panama and Switzerland applied individual sanctions against people associated with the administration of Nicolás Maduro. The sanctions were in response to repression during the 2014 and the 2017 Venezuelan protests,and activities both during the 2017 Constituent Assembly election and the 2018 presidential election. Sanctions were placed on current and former government officials,including members of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) and the 2017 Constituent National Assembly (ANC),members of the military and security forces,and private individuals accused of being involved in human rights abuses,corruption,degradation in the rule of law and repression of democracy.
The negotiations during the crisis in Venezuela are the negotiation and dialogue attempts and processes between the government of Nicolás Maduro and the Venezuelan opposition. Although numerous dialogue processes and roundtables have taken place,by 2023 none had been effective in achieving a solution to the country's crisis.
During the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis,AP News reported that "familiar geopolitical sides" had formed,with allies Russia,China,Iran,Turkey,Syria,and Cuba supporting Maduro,and the US,Canada,and most of Western Europe supporting Juan Guaidóas interim president. Amid widespread condemnation,President Maduro was sworn in on 10 January 2019,and the President of the National Assembly,Guaidó,was declared the interim President by that body on 23 January 2019. Intervention by the United States in Venezuela has been criticized by allies of Nicolás Maduro and political figures from the left spectrum;Maduro's government states that the crisis is a "coup d'état led by the United States to topple him and control the country's oil reserves." Guaidódenies the coup allegations,saying peaceful volunteers back his movement.
On 30 April 2019,during the Venezuelan presidential crisis,a group of several dozen military personnel and civilians joined Juan Guaidóin his call for the removal of Nicolás Maduro as part of what he labeled "Operation Freedom". Reuters reported an "uneasy peace" by the afternoon of 30 April. During the unrest,opposition leader Leopoldo López was freed from house arrest after being imprisoned for five years. Manuel Cristopher Figuera,the head of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service,denounced the Maduro government and was dismissed from his position before going into hiding. At least 25 military men who opposed Maduro sought asylum at the Brazilian embassy in Caracas.
The 2020 Venezuelan National Assembly Delegated Committee election was to be held in the ordinary session of the National Assembly on 5 January,in which 160 deputies were to elect the legislature's board of directors for the year 2020–21:the president,the first and second vice presidents,the secretary and the deputy secretary. It was the last such election of the IV National Assembly.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The first two cases in Venezuela were confirmed on 13 March 2020;the first death was reported on 26 March. However,the first record of a patient claiming to have symptoms of coronavirus disease dates back to 29 February 2020,with government officials suspecting that the first person carrying the virus could have entered the country as early as 25 February.
