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West Sumatra is a province of Indonesia. On the west coast of the island of Sumatra, the province has an area of 42,012.89 km2, and it had a population of 4,846,909 at the 2010 Census and 5,534,472 at the 2020 Census. The province includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast and borders the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. West Sumatra is sub-divided into twelve regencies and seven cities. It has relatively more cities than other provinces outside of Java, although several of them are relatively low in population compared with cities elsewhere in Indonesia. Padang is the province's capital and largest city.
North Sumatra is a province of Indonesia. It consists of a large northwestern belt of the island of Sumatra and its capital is Medan. North Sumatra is the fourth most-populous province after West Java, East Java and Central Java — it covers an area of 72,981 km2, and at the Census of 2020 it had a population of 14,799,361.
Padang is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra. With a Census population of 909,040 as of 2020, it is the 16th most populous city in Indonesia and the most populous city on the west coast of Sumatra. The Padang metropolitan area is the third most populous metropolitan area in Sumatra with a population of over 1.4 million. Padang is widely known for its Minangkabau culture, cuisine, and sunset beaches.
Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Angkola, and Mandailing which are related groups with distinct languages and traditional customs (adat).
Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen was a German Lutheran missionary to Sumatra who also translated the New Testament into the native Batak language. Stephen Neill, a historian of missions, considered Nommensen one of the greatest missionaries of all time. He is commemorated as a missionary on November 7 in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church with John Christian Frederick Heyer and Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg.
Pagaruyung was the seat of the Minangkabau kings of Western Sumatra, though little is known about it. Modern Pagaruyung is a village in Tanjung Emas subdistrict, Tanah Datar regency, located near the town of Batusangkar, Indonesia.
The Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP), which translates into English as the Batak Christian Protestant Church, is the largest Protestant denomination in Indonesia, with a baptized membership of 4,000,000. Its present leader is Ephorus Rev. Dr. Robinson Butarbutar.
Christianity is Indonesia's second-largest religion, after Islam. Indonesia also has the second-largest Christian population in Southeast Asia after the Philippines, the largest Protestant population in Southeast Asia, and the fourth-largest Christian population in Asia after the Philippines, China and India. Indonesia's 28.6 million Christians constitute 10.72% of the country's population in 2018, with 7.60% Protestant (20.25 million) and 3.12% Catholic (8.33 million). Some provinces in Indonesia are majority Christian.
Baron Stow (1801–1869) was a Boston Baptist minister, writer and editor, who in 1843 with Samuel Francis Smith compiled a Baptist hymnal entitled: The Psalmist, which for the next thirty years was the most widely used Baptist Hymnal in the United States.
David Belden Lyman was an early American missionary to Hawaii who opened a boarding school for Hawaiians. His wife Sarah Joiner Lyman (1805–1885) taught at the boarding school and kept an important journal. They had several notable descendants.
Henry Lyman is an American poet, editor, translator, and former host and producer of WFCR's Poems to a Listener, a nationally distributed series of readings and conversations with poets which ran from 1976 to 1994.
The Simalungun people are an ethnic group in North Sumatra, considered one of the Batak peoples. Simalungun people live mostly in Simalungun Regency and the surrounding areas, including the city of Pematang Siantar, an autonomous city, but previously part of Simalungun Regency. The regent of Simalungun is JR Saragih.
Toba people are the most numerous of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia, and often considered the classical 'Batak', most likely to willingly self-identify as Batak. The Toba people are found in Toba Samosir Regency, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, Samosir Regency, North Tapanuli Regency, part of Dairi Regency, Central Tapanuli Regency, Sibolga and its surrounding regions. The Batak Toba people speak in the Toba Batak language and are centered on Lake Toba and Samosir Island within the lake. Batak Toba people frequently build in traditional Batak architecture styles which are common on Samosir. Cultural demonstrations, performances and festivities such as Sigale Gale are often held for tourists.
Lyman Jewett was an American Baptist missionary known for translating the Bible into Telugu.
Henry Lyman was an American Baptist missionary murdered in Sumatra together with his colleague Samuel Munson.
Angkola people are one of the sub-ethnic groups comprising the Batak people from North Sumatra who live in South Tapanuli regency. The Angkola language is similar to Mandailing language, but it is sociolinguistically distinct.
Pakpak or Pakpak Dairi people are one of the ethnic group of Batak people found mainly in North Sumatra, Indonesia. They are scattered in a few regencies and cities in North Sumatra and Aceh, such as Dairi Regency, Pakpak Bharat Regency, Humbang Hasundutan Regency and Central Tapanuli Regency of North Sumatra, and also in Aceh Singkil Regency and Subulussalam, Aceh.
Tuanku Rao (1790-1833) was an Islamic cleric (ulama), leader and commander. He was known as a prominent padri, a group of Islamic reformists who advocated for the puritanical approach in Islam inspired by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in the early 18th century West Sumatra. He also contributed to the proselytization of Islam among Batak people. He died during the Padri War in 1833.
Hannah Lyman was an American educator. She was the first Lady Principal of Vassar College. Lyman took an active interest in missionary operations through her whole life, maintained a constant correspondence with several distinguished Christian missionaries in foreign lands, and did much by the power of her enthusiasm to kindle and foster the missionary spirit, not only among her pupils, but in the wide circle of social influence which she filled for many years.
References
- ↑ Andrew Causey Hard bargaining in Sumatra: western travelers and Toba Bataks in ... 2003 Page 80 "In that year, two American Baptist missionaties, Henry Lyman and Samuel Munson, went inland from Tapanooli (now called Sibolga), a port village on the west coast of Sumatra. Traveling with a retinue of porters and attendants, ..."
- ↑ The United States in Asia: a historical dictionary - David Shavit - 1990 Page 312 "Lyman graduated from Harvard University and the Imperial School of Mines (Paris), and studied at the Royal Academy ... Murdered June 28, 1834, in Sacca, Sumatra. References: ACAB; AndoverTS; EM; LC; Hannah Lyman, The Martyr of Sumatra ..."
- ↑ A biographical study of Ingwer Ludwig Nommensen, 1834-1918 Page 72 Martin E. Lehmann - 1996 "Leaving their wives behind in Batavia, Lyman and Munson set sail for the harbor of Padang on the west coast of Sumatra in April, 1834. At Padang they met Ward who approximately thirteen years before had visited the Bataks in the .."
- ↑ Memorials of Protestant missionaries to the Chinese Alexander Wylie - 1967 -"Munson and Lyman, was a tour of observation and inquiry among the islands of the Indian Archipelago, ... surrounded by a large party of Battak cannibals and immediately dispatched ; Mr. Munson being run through the body with a spear, "
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