Sanna was a king, who ruled Java during the early 8th century CE.
According to Canggal inscription (dated 732 CE), the island of Java had long been under the rule of this wise and virtuous king. However, the kingdom fell into disunity after his death. Amid a period of violence and confusion Sanjaya, son of Sannaha (the sister of Sanna) ascended to the throne, and established the Kingdom of Mataram. [1] [2]
He was named as Prabu Sanna or Bratasena in Carita Parahyangan (a book composed around late 16th-century CE). According to Carita Parahyangan, Sanna was the King of Galuh that was usurped by his cousin, Purbasora. In this book, Sanjaya is described as the son of Sanna, rather than his nephew. So, to avenge his father's defeat, Sanjaya attacked Galuh with a special force and killed Purbasora along with his family. Afterwards, Sanjaya reclaimed Sanna's kingdom and began to rule Java. [3]
The Shailendra dynasty was the name of a notable Indianised dynasty that emerged in 8th-century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region. The Shailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, one of which is the colossal stupa of Borobudur, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Mataram kingdom ; also known as Medang kingdom was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sanjaya, the kingdom was ruled by the Shailendra dynasty and Ishana dynasty.
The Sanjaya dynasty was a Javanese dynasty which ruled the Mataram Kingdom in Java during the first millennium CE. The dynasty promoted Hinduism on the island.
Kuningan Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of the West Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,194.09 km2, and it had a population of 1,035,589 at the 2010 census and 1,167,686 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,201,764 (comprising 608,669 males and 593,095 females Kuningan Regency is located in the east of the province, south of Cirebon Regency, east of Majalengka Regency and northeast of Ciamis Regency, and bordering Central Java Province to the east and southeast. The town and district of Kuningan is its administrative capital.
Sanjaya was the founder of the Mataram Kingdom during the 8th century. His name was carved in the Sanskrit Canggal inscription which was found at the Gunung Wukir temple that stood on Wukir or Ukir hill on the southern Kedu Plain in Central Java.
The Sunda Kingdom was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java. The capital of the Sunda Kingdom moved several times during its history, shifting between the Galuh (Kawali) area in the east and Pakuan Pajajaran in the west.
Pakuan Pajajaran was the fortified capital city of Sunda Kingdom. The location roughly corresponds to modern Bogor city in West Java, Indonesia, approximately around the site of Batu Tulis. The site is revered as the spiritual home of Sundanese people as it contains much of the shared identity and history of Sundanese people.
Carita Parahyangan is a text contained in a single manuscript written around the late 16th century, registered as Kropak 406 from the former collection of the Bataviaasch Genootschap voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen, now in the Perpustakaan Nasional in Jakarta. It was identified as early as 1882 by Holle as the "Carita Parahyangan", the name derived from Parahyangan highlands in West Java, originated from Sundanese words which mean "the abode of hyangs (gods)". Since that time the manuscript has received much scholarly attention.
The Galuh Kingdom was a medieval Sundanese kingdom located in the eastern part of Tatar Sunda, present-day Indonesia. It was established as a breakaway kingdom of the Tarumanagara around the 7th century. Traditionally the kingdom was associated with the Central & Eastern Parahyangan cultural regions, with territory spanning from Citarum River in the west, to Cipamali and Cisarayu River in the east. Its capital was first located in Karangkamulyan, Ciamis Regency, then Saunggalah, Kuningan and Kawali, north of present-day Ciamis. The etymology of "galuh" is Old Sundanese and Kawi word for "gemstone".
Parahyangan or Priangan is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one-sixth of Java, it is the heartland of Sundanese people and their culture. It is bordered to the West by Banten province, to the North by the northern coast region of Subang, Cirebon, and Indramayu, to the east by Central Java province, and to the south by the Indian Ocean.
The Canggal inscription is a Sanskrit inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription is written in the Pallava alphabet. The inscription documents an edict of Sanjaya, in which he declared himself the universal ruler of the Mataram Kingdom.
Kalingga or She-po or She-bo in Chinese sources, or Ho-ling in Arabic scriptures of Umayyad Caliphate era; was a 6th-century Indianized kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.
Ratu Maharani Shima was the queen regnant of the 7th century Kalingga kingdom on the northern coast of Central Java circa 674 CE.
The Battle of Bubat also known as Pasunda Bubat is the battle between the Sundanese royal family and the Majapahit army that took place in Bubat Square on the northern part of Trowulan in 1279 Saka or 1357 CE.
Sumedang Larang is an Islamic Kingdom based in Sumedang, West Java. Its territory consisted of the Parahyangan region, before becoming a vassal state under the Mataram Sultanate.
King Siliwangi or Prabu Siliwangi was a semi-legendary king of the Hindu Sunda Kingdom in pre-Islamic West Java.
King Niskala Wastu Kancana also known as Prabu Raja Wastu or popularly known as Wastu Kancana was one of the great kings of the Sunda Kingdom reigning throughout most of the 15th century. He was the younger brother of Princess Pitaloka.
Kawali was the capital of Sunda Kingdom during Galuh period, between early 14th to late 15th century. It is located in present day Astana Gede archaeological site, in Kawali District of Ciamis Regency, in West Java, Indonesia.
Sannaha was the mother of King Sanjaya, who established the Mataram Kingdom in the early 8th century CE.
The history of Sunda Kingdom spanned almost a millennium, between 7th to 16th century. It is not sure however, whether the Sunda Kingdom was actually a continuous polity or not, nor whether its rulers belongs to a single continuous lineage of dynasty or not. This is because the scarcity of evidences, historical records and archaeological findings that plausibly connected to this kingdom.
