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The Zapotec languages are a group of around 50 closely related indigenous Mesoamerican languages that constitute a main branch of the Oto-Manguean language family and which is spoken by the Zapotec people from the southwestern-central highlands of Mexico. A 2020 census reports nearly half a million speakers, with the majority inhabiting the state of Oaxaca. Zapotec-speaking communities are also found in the neighboring states of Puebla, Veracruz, and Guerrero. Labor migration has also brought a number of native Zapotec speakers to the United States, particularly in California and New Jersey. Most Zapotec-speaking communities are highly bilingual in Spanish.
A macrolanguage is a book-keeping mechanism for the ISO 639 international standard of language codes. Macrolanguages are established to assist mapping between different sets of ISO language codes. Specifically, there may be a many-to-one correspondence between ISO 639-3, intended to identify all the thousands of languages of the world, and either of two other sets, ISO 639-1, established to identify languages in computer systems, and ISO 639-2, which encodes a few hundred languages for library cataloguing and bibliographic purposes. When such many-to-one ISO 639-2 codes are included in an ISO 639-3 context, they are called "macrolanguages" to distinguish them from the corresponding individual languages of ISO 639-3. According to the ISO,
Some existing code elements in ISO 639-2, and the corresponding code elements in ISO 639-1, are designated in those parts of ISO 639 as individual language code elements, yet are in a one-to-many relationship with individual language code elements in [ISO 639-3]. For purposes of [ISO 639-3], they are considered to be macrolanguage code elements.
The Chatinos are an indigenous people of Mexico. Chatino communities are located in the southeastern region of the state of Oaxaca in southern central Mexico. Their native Chatino language are spoken by about 23,000 people, but ethnic Chatinos may number many more. The Chatinos of San Juan Quiahije call themselves neq-a tnya-j and their language Chaq-f tnya-b.
Santa Catarina Juquila is a town in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, and is the seat of the municipality also called Santa Catarina Juquila. It is part of the Juquila District in the center of the Costa Region. The name "Juquila" comes from "Xuhquililla", which means "Place of blue milkweed".
San Juan Quiahije is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. It is part of the Juquila District in the centre of the Costa Region. The origen of Quiahije is not known, some people conjecture it might mean "Stone Forest" in the Zapotec language.
Teotitlán del Valle is a small village and municipality located in the Tlacolula District in the east of the Valles Centrales Region, 31 km from the city of Oaxaca in the foothills of the Sierra Juárez mountains. It is part of the Tlacolula Valley district. It is known for its textiles, especially rugs, which are woven on hand-operated looms, from wool obtained from local sheep and dyed mainly with local, natural dyes. They combine historical Zapotec designs with contemporary designs such as reproductions of famous artists' work. Artists take commissions and participate in tours of family-owned workshops. The name Teotitlán comes from Nahuatl and means "land of the gods." Its Zapotec name is Xaguixe, which means "at the foot of the mountain." Established in 1465, it was one of the first villages founded by Zapotec peoples in this area and retains its Zapotec culture and language.
Santa Catarina Ixtepeji is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. It is part of the Ixtlán District in the Sierra Norte region.
Ixtlán District is located in the Sierra Norte region, in the northeastern area of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Tlacolula District is located in the east of the Valles Centrales Region of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Zaniza Zapotec is an Oto-Manguean language of western Oaxaca, Mexico. It is one of several Zapotec languages called Papabuco. It has only 10% intelligibility with Texmelucan Zapotec, its closest important relative.
Lachixío Zapotec is a Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is spoken in the Sola de Vega District by around 3000 speakers in Santa María Lachixío and San Vicente Lachixío. While many other Zapotec languages have suffered major language shifts to Spanish, most children in these towns are raised with Zapotec and learn Spanish at an early age.
Loxicha Zapotec is a Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is one of the most populous varieties of Zapotec, and the majority of speakers are monolingual.
The Codex of Santa Catarina Ixtepeji is a late 17th-early 18th century bilingual codex in the Spanish and Zapotec languages. It is a 7-foot-long scroll (2.1 m), a hand-painted history and map recounting part of the history of Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, in the Ixtlán District in the Sierra Norte region of Oaxaca in southwestern Mexico. It had been held in the hands of private collectors into the 20th century, and was re-discovered and identified as part of the holdings of the American Geographical Society Library at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in early 2012, as the result of efforts of scholars at UWM, Marquette University and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Ayoquesco Zapotec is a small Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico. Ayoquesco Zapotec (Dísè) is spoken in Santa María Ayoquezco and Santa Cruz Nexila, around 50% intelligible to San Andres Zabache speakers.
Albarradas Zapotec, in full Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec, is a Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is spoken in the towns of Santa María Albarradas, Santo Domingo Albarradas, and San Miguel Albarradas. The language of neighboring Santa Catarina Albarradas and San Antonio Albarradas is not mutually intelligible.
Ixtlán Zapotec is a Zapotec dialect cluster of Oaxaca, Mexico.
San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec is a Zapotec language spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico. It is spoken in the towns of San Baltazar Loxicha and Santa Catarina Loxicha. It is not the same language as the other dialects spoken in towns named Loxicha, but it is in the same branch of Zapotec.
Zapoteco de Valles, del noreste is a name used by INALI for a variety of Zapotec recognized by the Mexican government. It corresponds to two ISO languages:
Albarradas Sign Language is an indigenous village sign language of Mexico. It arose approximately 150 years ago in the Zapotec villages of Santa Catarina Albarradas, San Antonio Albarradas and possibly one other nearby town, due to a high incidence of congenital deafness.
References
- 1 2 Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)