The Rajya Sabha,also known as the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2023,it has a maximum membership of 245,of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social service. The total allowed capacity is 250 according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. The current potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,after the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act. The maximum seats of 250 members can be filled up at the discretion and requirements of the house of Rajya Sabha.
The Lok Sabha,also known as the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the president on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Parliament House,New Delhi.
The Parliament of India or Indian Parliament,is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The president of the Republic of India,in their role as head of the legislature,has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha,but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and the Union Council of Ministers.
The Government of India is the national authority of the Republic of India,located in South Asia,consisting of 36 states and union territories. The government is led by the President of India who exercises the most executive power and selects the Prime Minister of India and other Ministers for aid and advice. The country has been legislated by a NDA-led legislature since 2014. The prime minister and their senior ministers belong to the Union Council of Ministers—its executive decision-making committee being the cabinet.
Ramkrishna Suryabhan Gavai,popularly known as Dadasaheb Gavai,was an Indian politician,social activist,senior leader of the Ambedkarite movement,and founder of the Republican Party of India (Gavai). He was the President of Ambedkar's ideological party Republican Party of India,through this party,he did many works in political and social fields. Gavai also worked with Babasaheb Ambedkar,a polymath. He was the Governor of the three states of Bihar,Sikkim and Kerala,as well as he has served in both houses of the Indian Parliament,the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Gavai was a 30-year member (MLC) of the Maharashtra Legislative Council during which he served on the posts of the chairman,the deputy chairman,and the Opposition leader of the council.
The 13th Lok Sabha is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha. It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.
The 11th Lok Sabha was constituted after April–May 1996 general elections. The result of the election was a hung parliament,which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998. Atal Bihari Vajpayee of Bharatiya Janata Party,the single largest party to win this election,winning 67 more seats than previous 10th Lok Sabha,formed the government which lasted for only 13 days.
Abhishek Manu Singhvi is an Indian senior advocate and politician. As politician,he is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) and a member of the Parliament of India representing Telangana in the Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of the Indian Parliament,since August 2024. He is also a spokesperson for the INC. He is one of the senior advocates of the Supreme Court of India.
Sharad Yadav was an Indian politician from the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) party. He was elected to the Lok Sabha seven times and to the Rajya Sabha four times from JD(U). He was the first national president of Janata Dal (United),serving from its formation in 2003 until 2016. He was disqualified from the Rajya Sabha in 2017 and removed from party leadership positions for engaging in anti-party activities.
Suryakant Acharya was an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a member of the Parliament of India representing Gujarat in the Rajya Sabha,the upper house of the Indian Parliament.
Jayanta Bhattacharya is an Indian Politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Tamluk in West Bengal in 1996. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha as an independent candidate backed by the Trinamool Congress but he rejoined the Congress in 2002.
Awadeshwar Prasad Sinha (1907-1989) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha,the upper house of the Parliament of India from Bihar for 4 terms from 1956 to 1976. He was elected from Muzaffarpur-East,Bihar in 1952 as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Saroj Dubey was an Indian politician. She was elected to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament from Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh in 1991 as a member of the Janata Dal. However,later after the break-up of the Janata Dal,She joined the Rashtriya Janata Dal and was a member of the Rajya Sabha,the upper house of the Parliament of India representing Bihar. Her son Anurag Dubey and daughter-in-law Anu Dubey are Supreme Court lawyers. Her grandson Aditya Dubey is an environmental activist. Her granddaughter Anoushka Tiwari is studying Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University,USA.
