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Sara Aviel (born February 5, 1980, in California), [1] who has a background in international policy and economics, serves as President & CEO of U.S. foreign assistance agency the Inter-American Foundation. [2]
Aviel earned an MBA from Yale University, where she also earned MA and BA degrees in political science. [3] As an undergraduate student, she worked with a few other students to convince the university and Bristol-Meyers Squibb, which had an exclusive license with Yale, to make a patented drug that slowed the development of symptoms of AIDS available in South Africa for generic production and below cost. [4] [3] After that successful negotiation, Aviel and the other students launched the organization Universities Allied for Essential Medicines to work with universities holding medical patents to expand access to lifesaving drugs for people who need them. [5] Aviel has also lectured at Yale University on humanitarian aid and international development. [6]
Aviel has worked around the world in the field offices and headquarters of international development organizations including social investment fund Root Capital, Mercy Corps, and CARE Afghanistan. [7] [8] During the worldwide financial crisis from 2009 to 2011, she served as Senior Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner. Secretary Geithner described Aviel as the "conscience of the Treasury," stating that she "worked the longest hours, traveled on every trip, and brought her exceptionally high standards to helping to run the Treasury." [9]
In 2011, Aviel was appointed director for international economic affairs for the National Economic Council as well as the National Security Council.
President Barack Obama nominated Aviel to represent the United States on the executive boards of the World Bank Group institutions as the United States Alternate Executive Director. [7] [8] The Senate confirmed the appointment on May 24, 2012. [10] From 2012 to 2015, Aviel advanced the World Bank’s focus on social inclusion [11] and eliminating extreme poverty, according to Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank Kaushik Basu. [12]
From 2015 to 2017, Aviel managed operations with a particular focus on foreign assistance at the Office of Management and Budget as chief of staff and executive associate director. [13]
Following her service in the Obama administration, Aviel founded Margalit Strategies, working with organizations to carry out strategic planning, develop effective policies, and engage stakeholders. [14]
In 2022, the board of directors of the Inter-American Foundation selected Aviel as the new President & CEO. She swore into the role on April 25, 2022. [14]
She was also a senior advisor on international development policy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies [13] and a senior fellow on development policy at the Brookings Institution. [15]
Aviel and Martin DiMarzio married in 2013 and they live in Washington, DC with their two children. [1]
Like its Eastern Caribbean neighbours, the main priority of Dominica's foreign relations is economic development. The country maintains missions in Washington, New York, London, and Brussels and is represented jointly with other Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) members in Canada. Dominica is also a member of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, and the Commonwealth of Nations. It became a member of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1978 and of the World Bank and Organization of American States (OAS) in 1979.
Kiribati is a full member of the Commonwealth, the IMF and the World Bank, and became a full member of the United Nations in 1999. Kiribati hosted the Thirty-First Pacific Islands Forum in October 2000. Kiribati has Least Developed Country Status and its interests rarely extend beyond the region. Through accession to the Lomé Convention, then Cotonou Agreement, Kiribati is also a member of the African Caribbean and Pacific Group. Kiribati maintains good relations with most countries and has particularly close ties to Pacific neighbours Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. Kiribati briefly suspended its relations with France in 1995 over that country's decision to renew nuclear testing in the South Pacific.
Rwanda has been the center of much international attention since the war and genocide of 1994.
As part of the foreign relations of Suriname, the country is a participant in numerous international organizations.
The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters pertaining to economic and fiscal policy. The secretary is, by custom, a member of the president's cabinet and, by law, a member of the National Security Council.
Tonga, by a modification of its treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom in July 1970, is responsible for its own external affairs. It maintains cordial relations with most countries and has close relations with its Pacific neighbours and the United Kingdom. In 1998, it recognized the People's Republic of China and broke relations with Taiwan.
James A. Johnson was an American businessman, Democratic Party political figure, and chairman and chief executive officer of Fannie Mae. He was the campaign chairman for Walter Mondale's unsuccessful 1984 presidential bid and chaired the vice presidential selection committee for the presidential campaign of John Kerry. He briefly led the vice-presidential selection process for the 2008 Democratic presidential nominee, Senator Barack Obama.
The National Economic Council (NEC) is the principal forum used by the president of the United States for the consideration of domestic and international economic policy matters with senior policymaking and Cabinet officials, and forms part of the Office of Policy Development which is within the Executive Office of the President of the United States.
The Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs is a senior position within the United States Department of the Treasury responsible for advising the Secretary of the Treasury on international economic issues. As of January 13, 2023, the under secretary is Jay Shambaugh.
Stuart A. Levey was the first Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence within the United States Department of the Treasury. He was sworn in on July 21, 2004 as a political appointee of President George W. Bush. President Barack Obama asked Levey to remain in his position and Levey was one of only a small number of Senate-confirmed Bush appointees who served in the Obama Administration. After leaving the government, Levey joined the private sector as chief legal officer of HSBC, CEO of Diem Association and chief legal officer of Oracle.
Lael Brainard is an American economist serving as the 14th director of the National Economic Council since February 21, 2023. She previously served as the 22nd vice chair of the Federal Reserve between May 2022 and February 2023. Prior to her term as vice chair, Brainard served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, taking office in 2014. Before her appointment to the Federal Reserve, she served as the under secretary of the treasury for international affairs from 2010 to 2013.
Timothy Franz Geithner is a former American central banker who served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013. He was the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 2003 to 2009, following service in the Clinton administration. Since March 2014, he has served as president and managing director of Warburg Pincus, a private equity firm headquartered in New York City.
New Zealand - Turkey relations are the bilateral relationship between New Zealand and the Republic of Turkey. New Zealand and Turkey formalised diplomatic relations between both countries in 1979 but had unofficial forms of contact with each other prior to 1979. Both New Zealand and Turkey are members of numerous organisations such as the OECD, World Trade Organization, United Nations and World Health Organization. New Zealand has an embassy in Ankara and Turkey has an embassy in Wellington.
The Ministry of Economy of Azerbaijan Republic is the central executive body responsible for implementing state policy and regulation in the following areas: formulating economic policy of Azerbaijan, producing macroeconomic projections, creating a favorable environment for economic development and growth, encouraging investment activity, developing entrepreneurship and industry, regulating the licensing and permit system, protecting, developing and encouraging competition, protecting the rights of consumers, implementing state procurement policy, ensuring full and timely introduction of taxes and other mandatory payments relating to the authority of the Ministry, in the state budget, management of government assets, privatization, establishing state land management system, conducting state registration and single state cadastre of immovable property.
Yaga Venugopal Reddy is an Indian economist and a retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1964 batch belonging to Andhra Pradesh cadre. Reddy served as governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), India's central bank, from September 2003 until September 2008.
Frank Neil Newman is an American banker who served as Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance from 1993 to 1994 and as United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from 1994 to 1995.
Mimi Alemayehou is a development finance executive who has served as Executive Vice President of the U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and as United States Executive Director of the African Development Bank.
Saktiandi bin Supaat is a Singaporean politician and economist. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Toa Payoh East division of Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC since 2015.
Olawale Nelson Ogunshakin OBE is a British engineer and businessman. He is currently chief executive officer of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) based in Geneva, Switzerland. He was appointed to the board of Transport for London in September 2016.
Avraham Aviel (Lipkunski) is a writer, director of a book distribution agency called Beith Alim, and a witness in the Eichmann trial.
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