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Attu is an island in the Near Islands. It is the westernmost point of the U.S. state of Alaska. The island became uninhabited in 2010, making it the largest uninhabited island that is part of the United States politically.
Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. was a lieutenant general in the United States Army during World War II who served in the Pacific Theater. As commanding general of Alaska Defense Command, Buckner commanded American-Canadian forces in the Aleutian Islands campaign, including the Battle of Attu and the Kiska Expedition. Following that assignment, he was promoted to command the Tenth Army, which conducted the amphibious invasion of the Japanese island of Okinawa in 1945. He was killed during the closing days of the Battle of Okinawa by enemy artillery fire, making him one of the highest-ranking United States military officers lost to enemy fire during World War II.
USS S-28 (SS-133) was an S-class submarine of the United States Navy. A diesel submarine, she served in World War II during which sank one Japanese ship. She was lost at sea with all hands in July 1944. Her wreck was discovered in 2017 at a depth of 8,500 feet (2,600 m) off the coast of Oahu.
The Aleutian Islands campaign was a military campaign fought between 3 June 1942 and 15 August 1943 on and around the Aleutian Islands in the American Theater of World War II. It was the only military campaign of World War II fought on North American soil.
USS S-32 (SS-137) was an S-class submarine of the United States Navy.
USS S-30 (SS-135) was an S-class submarine of the United States Navy during World War II.
USS S-34 (SS-139) was an S-class submarine of the United States Navy.
USS Pruitt (DD-347/DM-22/AG-101) was a United States Navy Clemson-class destroyer in commission from 1920 to 1945. She saw service during World War II. She was named for United States Marine Corps Corporal John H. Pruitt, a World War I Medal of Honor recipient who was killed in action Western Front on 4 October 1918 during the Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge.
Operation Cottage was a tactical maneuver which completed the Aleutian Islands campaign. On August 15, 1943, Allied military forces landed on Kiska Island, which had been occupied by Japanese forces since June 1942. However, the Japanese had secretly abandoned the island two weeks earlier, and so the Allied landings were unopposed. Allied forces suffered over 500 casualties in total during the operation from Japanese landmines and booby traps, friendly fire incidents, and vehicle accidents.
The Battle of Attu, which took place on 11–30 May 1943, was fought between forces of the United States, aided by Canadian reconnaissance and fighter-bomber support, and Japan on Attu Island off the coast of the Territory of Alaska as part of the Aleutian Islands campaign during the American Theater and the Pacific Theater. Attu is the only land battle in which Japanese and American forces fought in snowy conditions, in contrast with the tropical climate in the rest of the Pacific. The battle ended when most of the Japanese defenders were killed in brutal hand-to-hand combat after a final banzai charge broke through American lines.
The Japanese occupation of Kiska took place between 6 June 1942 and 28 July 1943 during the Aleutian Islands campaign of the American Theater and the Pacific Theater of World War II. The Japanese occupied Kiska and nearby Attu Island in order to protect the northern flank of the Japanese Empire.
Sarana may refer to:
Massacre Bay is an inlet on the southeast coast of the island of Attu in the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Massacre Bay was among the landing sites of United States Army troops in the Battle of Attu in May 1943, which led to the recapture of the island from the Japanese during World War II.
Holtz Bay is an inlet on the northeast coast of the island of Attu in the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
Sarana Bay is an inlet on the east coast of the island of Attu in the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Hodikof Island is a small, 160 m long island in the bay. The seaward extension of Hodikof Island is known as Hodikof Reef.
Sarana Pass is a pass in the mountains of northeastern Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
Chichagof Harbor is an inlet on the northeast coast of the island of Attu in the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. It is named after Russian Admiral and polar explorer Vasily Chichagov. It was the location of an Aleut village served by an American pastor and his wife. It was also where some heavy fighting took place during the recapture of the island from the Japanese during the Battle of Attu in World War II and afterwards was the site of Battery B 42nd Coast Artillery Battalion.
The Aleutian Islands —also called the Aleut Islands, Aleutic Islands, or, before 1867, the Catherine Archipelago—are a chain of 14 main, larger volcanic islands and 55 smaller ones. Most of the Aleutian Islands belong to the U.S. state of Alaska, with the archipelago encompassing the Aleutians West Census Area and the Aleutians East Borough. The Commander Islands, located further to the west, belong to the Russian federal subject of Kamchatka Krai, of the Russian Far East. The islands form part of the Aleutian Arc of the Northern Pacific Ocean, and occupy a land area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km2) that extends westward roughly 1,200 mi (1,900 km) from the Alaskan Peninsula mainland, in the direction of the Kamchatka Peninsula; the archipelago acts as a border between the Bering Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Crossing longitude 180°, at which point east and west longitude end, the archipelago contains both the westernmost and easternmost parts of the United States, by longitude. The westernmost U.S. island, in real terms, however, is Attu Island, west of which runs the International Date Line.
The Japanese occupation of Attu was the result of an invasion of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska during World War II. Imperial Japanese Army troops landed on 7 June 1942, the day after the invasion of nearby Kiska. Along with the Kiska landing, it was the first time that the continental United States was invaded and occupied by a foreign power since the War of 1812, and was the second of the only two invasions of the United States during World War II. The occupation ended with the Allied victory in the Battle of Attu on 30 May 1943.
The military history of the Aleutian Islands began almost immediately following the purchase of Alaska from the Russian Empire by the United States in 1867. Prior to the early 20th century, the Aleutian Islands were essentially ignored by the United States Armed Forces, although the islands played a small role in the Bering Sea Arbitration when a number of British and American vessels were stationed at Unalaska to enforce the arbitrators' decision. By the early 20th century, a number of war strategies examined the possibility of conflict breaking out between the Empire of Japan and the United States. While the Aleutian Islands were seen as a potential staging point for invasions by either side, this possibility was dismissed owing to the islands' dismal climate. In 1922, the Washington Naval Treaty was signed, after which the United States Navy began to take an interest in the islands. However, nothing of significance was to materialize until World War II.
References
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster Inc. 1998. ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9.
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition, p. 1054.
- ↑ "Attu" the Forgotten Battle" (PDF). 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
- ↑ "Showdown In The Aleutians". Warfare History Network. Archived from the original on May 15, 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ↑ "The Operations of the Third Battalion, 17th Infantry (7th Infantry Division) In The Attack of a Ridge Nose, Attu Island, 21-22 May, 1943" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
52°53′17″N173°12′18″E / 52.888°N 173.205°E
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