Schiedam riots

Last updated

The Schiedam riots (in Dutch: Turkenrellen) broke out on 6 August 1976 in Schiedam, Netherlands, when two Dutch teens were stabbed, one fatally, after an argument between two Turkish and five Dutch teens. [1]

Contents

Incidents

On 6 August 1976, several Dutch youths planned, and later attacked Turkish bars and residents in the neighbourhood, [2] smashing their windows. Local residents were among the leaders of the clashes. The riot continued for five to six days. The police were passive during the riots, and when trying to stop the rioters, they were also attacked. [3] [4]

In August 1976, five people were prosecuted. [5]

Aftermath

The clashes were seen as hooliganism. Xenophobia as a motive was not reported by the local authorities; they denied any racist motive and their responses were directed against the NVU, and they proposed a ban of the party. [3] Modern researchers see the riots as a collective violence, [6] an ethnic clashes directed against Turks. [7] [8] Marchetti claimed that the riots caused degentrification of areas where Caribbean migrants lived. [9] Dutch research from 1983 claimed that besides the Afrikaanderwijk riots, and Schiedam riots, "the whole general public opinion still is fairly tolerant" in the Netherlands. [10]

The workers argued that because of the events and the exodus of Turks from the neighbourhood, the city's economy had deteriorated, leaving immigrants in a more difficult position. [11]

In August 1986 another attack on Turkish property was registered; [12] three Dutchmen were arrested, and they were led by a participant of the 1976 Schiedam riots. [13]

In Dutch politics

The Dutch parliament believed that NVU played a role in the riots, because the party often published pamphlets related to the clashes. [3] Their content was reportedly inciting to riot and racial hatred. Distributors were arrested and later charged, [2] including Joop Glimmerveen, himself for 14 days. [14] The Dutch MP Hans Molleman asked Dries Van Agt to ban the NVU twice; in 1976 and 1977. Since there was no proof about the NVU's role in the riots, Molleman's request was rejected. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of the Netherlands</span>

Demographic features of the population of the Netherlands include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schiedam</span> City and Municipality in South Holland, Netherlands

Schiedam is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands. It is located in the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, west of Rotterdam, east of Vlaardingen, and south of Delft. In the south the city is connected with the village of Pernis by the Beneluxtunnel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islam in the Netherlands</span>

Islam is the second largest religion in the Netherlands, after Christianity, and is practised by 5% of the population according to 2018 estimates. The majority of Muslims in the Netherlands belong to the Sunni denomination. Many reside in the country's four major cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey Wolves (organization)</span> Turkish ultra-nationalist political organization

The Grey Wolves, officially known by the short name Idealist Hearths, is a Turkish far-right political movement and the youth wing of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). Commonly described as ultra-nationalist, neo-fascist, Islamo-nationalist, and racist, it is a youth organization that has been characterized as the MHP's paramilitary or militant wing during the political violence in Turkey. Its members deny its political nature and claim it to be a cultural and educational foundation, as per its full official name: Idealist Clubs Educational and Cultural Foundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Turkish sentiment</span> Hostility, fear or intolerance against Turkish peoples

Anti-Turkish sentiment, also known as Anti-Turkism, or Turkophobia is hostility, intolerance, or xenophobia against Turkish people, Turkish culture and the Turkish language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkish diaspora</span> Diaspora of the Turkish people

The Turkish diaspora refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from, or are the descendants of migrants from, the Republic of Turkey, Northern Cyprus or other modern nation-states that were once part of the former Ottoman Empire. Therefore, the Turkish diaspora is not only formed by people with roots from mainland Anatolia and Eastern Thrace ; rather, it is also formed of Turkish communities which have also left traditional areas of Turkish settlements in the Balkans, the island of Cyprus, the region of Meskhetia in Georgia, and the Arab world.

The Oldham riots were a brief period of violent rioting which occurred in Oldham, a town in Greater Manchester, England, in May 2001. They were ethnically-motivated riots and the worst riots in the United Kingdom since 1985.

The Nationalist Front was a minor German neo-Nazi group active during the 1980s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dutch People's Union</span> Political party in Netherlands

The Dutch People's Union is a Dutch far-right political party. The party espouses ethnic nationalism, advocates for the preservation of "Germanic Christian culture" in the Netherlands, and is a proponent of a Greater Netherlands.

Turks in the Netherlands refers to people of full or partial Turkish ethnicity living in the Netherlands. They form the largest ethnic minority group in the country; thus, the Turks are the second-largest ethnic group in the Netherlands after the ethnic Dutch. The majority of Dutch Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however, there has also been significant Turkish migration waves from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to the Netherlands from the Balkans, the island of Cyprus, as well as from other parts of the Levant. More recently, during the European migrant crisis significant waves of Turkish minorities from Syria and Kosovo have also arrived in the Netherlands. In addition, there has been migration to the Netherlands from the Turkish diaspora; many Turkish-Belgians and Turkish-Germans have arrived in the country as Belgian and German citizens.

Moroccans in the Netherlands are Dutch citizens of Moroccan origin. They consist of immigrants from Morocco and their descendants, and form the second largest ethnic group in the Netherlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joop Glimmerveen</span> Dutch politician (1928–2022)

Johann Georg "Joop" Glimmerveen was a Dutch far-right politician. He was active on the far-right from 1971.

Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement, and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turks in Europe</span> Ethnic group in Europe

The Turks in Europe refers to Turkic peoples living in Europe, particularly those of Turkish origin.

The 2000 UEFA Cup Final Riots, also known as the Battle of Copenhagen, were a series of riots in City Hall Square, Copenhagen, Denmark between fans of English football team Arsenal and Turkish team Galatasaray around the 2000 UEFA Cup Final on 17 May 2000. Four people were stabbed in the scuffles, which also involved fans from other clubs and were viewed by the media as part of a retaliation for the killing of two Leeds United fans by Galatasaray supporters the month before.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gary Lauck</span> American neo-Nazi and publisher

Gerhard Rex Lauck is an American neo-Nazi activist and publisher. Based in Lincoln, Nebraska, he is sometimes nicknamed the "Farm Belt Fuehrer" due to his rural origins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Racism in the United Kingdom</span> Manifestation of xenophobia and racism in the United Kingdom

Racism has a long history in the United Kingdom and includes structural discrimination and hostile attitudes against various ethnic minorities. The extent and the targets of racism in the United Kingdom have varied over time. It has resulted in cases of discrimination, riots and racially motivated murders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident</span> Bilateral relations

In March 2017, the Netherlands and Turkey were involved in a diplomatic incident, triggered by Turkish efforts to hold political rallies on Dutch territory and subsequent travel restrictions placed by Dutch authorities on Turkish officials seeking to promote the campaign for a 'yes' vote in the upcoming Turkish constitutional referendum to Turkish citizens living in the Netherlands. Such foreign campaigning is illegal under Turkish law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tore Bjørgo</span>

Tore Bjørgo is a Norwegian social anthropologist and expert on the extreme right, and is professor at the University of Oslo and Director of the university's Center for Extremism Research: Right-Wing Extremism, Hate Crime and Political Violence (C‑REX). He is also professor at the Norwegian Police University College. He is a specialist in political extremism and terrorism, racist and right-wing violence, delinquent youth gangs, and international crime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Afrikaanderwijk riots</span> 1972 race riots in Rotterdam

Afrikaanderwijk riots were the first race riots of their kind in the Netherlands. The riots broke out on 10 August 1972 and continued until 16 August in the Afrikaanderwijk, Rotterdam. While their precise cause is unknown, the clashes are considered to be an example of xenophobic violence by some and economic tensions by others. The clashes are known for creating new laws towards the city's growing immigrant population and destroying the stereotype of Dutch tolerance. In 2019, it gained renewed popularity due to the events in Ankara: Islamist and activist organizations used the riots of 1972 as an example to create empathy for the Syrian refugees in Turkey.

References

  1. "Praalparades en Turkenrellen". Stedelijk Museum Schiedam (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  2. 1 2 Hainsworth, Paul (2016). The Extreme Right in Europe and the USA. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 110–111. ISBN   978-1474290999.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Witte, Rob (2014). Racist Violence and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Britain, France and the Netherlands. Taylor & Francis. pp. 124–125. ISBN   9781317889199.
  4. RELLEN NA KERMISMOORD SCHIEDAM
  5. Penninx, Rinus; Schoorl, Jeannette; Praag, C.S. (1993). The Impact of International Migration on Receiving Countries: The Case of the Netherlands. Swets & Zeitlinger. p. 185.
  6. Scholten, Peter (2011). Framing Immigrant Integration: Dutch Research-policy Dialogues in Comparative Perspective. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN   9789089642844.
  7. Castles, Stephen; Booth, Heather; Wallace, Tina (1984). Here for Good: Western Europe's New Ethnic Minorities. Pluto Press. p. 60. ISBN   9780861047529.
  8. Marchetti, Sabrina (2014). Black Girls: Migrant Domestic Workers and Colonial Legacies. Brill. p. 43. ISBN   9789004276932.
  9. Junger-Tas, J. (1983). "Minority Juveniles and the Dutch police" (PDF). Research and Documentation Center. Ministry of Justice.
  10. 40 jaar in Schiedam (PDF). 2003.
  11. Witte, Rob; Bjorgo, Tore (2016). Racist Violence in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 51. ISBN   9781349230341.
  12. Witte & Bjorgo 2016, p. 53.
  13. Husbands, Christopher (2020). Reflections on the Extreme Right in Western Europe, 1990–2008. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   9780429594571.