Established | 1987 |
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Location | Garnethill Synagogue, 129 Hill Street, Garnethill, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland |
Director | Harvey Kaplan |
The Scottish Jewish Archives Centre (SJAC) is the largest repository of items relating to Jewish migration to Scotland and life in Scotland. [1] It aims to document and illustrate the religious, organisational, social, economic, political, cultural and family life of Jews in Scotland from the 18th century to the present-day in order to heighten awareness - and to stimulate study of - the country's Jewish heritage. [2] [3]
SJAC has an independent approach to collecting and accepts donations in the form in which they are offered as long as there is a connection to Jewish history. [4] Through its acquisition efforts and outreach work, SJAC is helping to preserve the materiality of the Scottish Jewish past and curating these historical traces for the present. [4]
SJAC collections have been used in family history projects relating to the Scottish Jewish community, [2] such as 200 Years of Scottish Jewry, in collaboration with the Scottish Council of Jewish Communities, Glasgow Jewish Representative Council and the International Institute for Jewish Genealogy.
The once large and active Jewish community of the Gorbals - the former immigrant district of Glasgow just south of the River Clyde - began to be dismantled from the late 1950s onwards as many buildings were demolished in efforts to regenerate the area. [5] [4] In 1979, centenary celebrations for Garnethill Synagogue included an exhibition, but nothing permanent ensued from this venture.
In 1984, the Gorbals Fair Society, a non-Jewish social and cultural group, embarked on a project on the history of the area, beginning with the story of the decades of Jewish settlement there, producing both an exhibition and accompanying booklet, 'A Scottish Shtetl: Jewish Life in the Gorbals, 1881-1974'. [6]
The Scottish Jewish Archives Centre arose from the 'Jewish Archives Project' established in 1985, which had followed debate in the Glasgow-based Jewish Echo newspaper and in the Glasgow Jewish Representative Council about the need for a Scottish counterpart to Jewish museums and historical research groups found, for example, in London, Manchester, Dublin, Bristol and Birmingham. [3] [6]
SJAC opened at a public meeting in April 1987, [7] Garnethill Hebrew Congregation providing headquarters within Garnethill Synagogue. [7]
In the same period that SJAC emerged, interest in social history had been developing in a number of British Jewish communities creating, for example, the Museum of the Jewish East End (established 1983) - now part of the Jewish Museum London - and Manchester Jewish Museum (established 1984).
The Scottish Jewish Archives Centre (SJAC) documents, preserves, exhibits and publishes aspects of its collections; it also offers support to community, academic and family history researchers. [8] It is open to members of the public, but access must be arranged by appointment. In addition to monthly Sunday public openings, there are also volunteer-led guided tours on the building's history, architecture and key early 19th-century congregants. [9]
SJAC Open Days and fundraising events have included distinguished speakers such as Chaim Bermant, Alan Brodie, Maria Chamberlain, Kenneth Collins, David Daiches, Sir Monty Finniston, Michele Gold, Alex Graham, Samm Hankin, Horace Phillips, Hugo Rifkind, Ida Schuster [3] and Michael Tobias. [10]
The SJAC is a partner and co-founder of the Scottish Jewish Heritage Centre (SJHC), which opened in July 2021. As part of this project, SJAC created a Scottish Holocaust-era Study Centre and linked display to expand access to the Archives Centre's collections. [8] [11] This includes access to a digital catalogue of circa 3000 items from the refugee period and a digitised run of the weekly Glasgow-published Jewish Echo (1928-1950 only). There is also a library of Holocaust period books (extracted from the main SJAC library) and hands-on learning resources drawing on the collections of individual refugees who found sanctuary in Scotland.
The Scottish Jewish Archives Centre collects a wide range of material relating to the experiences of Jewish people in Scotland since the 1700s; many families have entrusted the centre with the history of their families, in words and pictures. [12] In addition to the larger Jewish communities of Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen, collections cover the small communities which once existed in Ayr, Dundee, Dunfermline, Falkirk, Greenock and Inverness. [7] [3]
In addition to books and dissertations of Jewish history and biography, SJAC holds a variety of archival sources including synagogue minute books and registers; birth, marriage and death certificates; ketubot [marriage documents]; school admission registers; burial registers; membership lists; business records; military records; identity documents; immigration and naturalisation papers; passports; legal documents; medical reports and correspondence. [13]
A number of organisations have lodged records with the SJAC, including:
The centre holds copies of the Registers of Circumcision performed by Reverend Jacob Fürst of Edinburgh (covering 1879–1907), [6] Moses Joel of Edinburgh (covering 1831–1863), and Reverend Jack Grant of Glasgow (covering 1966–1986). [13] SJAC has collected together the records of most of the 17 Jewish cemeteries in Scotland, including those of Glasgow Necropolis and Glasgow Eastern Necropolis (Janefield). [14] More than 15,000 Scottish Jewish burials have been indexed. There are copies of tombstone inscriptions recorded in the late 1940s-1950s in Jewish cemeteries in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dundee. [13]
Personal papers belonging to people connected with the Jewish community include those of Hannah Frank. Another large collection of papers, photographs and correspondence (in Polish, Yiddish and English) relates to activities by Rabbi Major Heszel Klepfisz and Rabbi Major H Melcer, chaplains to Polish servicemen based all around Britain. [13]
External audio | |
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Interview with Dorrith M. Sim from the Gathering the Voices project |
There are also many examples of oral histories and personal testimonies, including those of people who arrived in Scotland on the Kindertransport, such as Dorrith Marianne Sim (m.s. Oppenheim), or as refugees or Holocaust survivors. SJAC is involved in recording and transcribing oral history interviews and training volunteers in oral history recording. [8] SJAC also holds transcriptions of audio recordings collected by the charity project Gathering the Voices, which collects and preserves the stories of those who found sanctuary in Scotland following remarkable journeys from Nazi-dominated Europe.
Records relating to initiatives to assist refugees include the register of the Boys' Hostel opened by Garnethill Hebrew Congregation (1939–1948) in its grounds, papers of the German Jewish Aid Committee/Glasgow Jewish Council for German Refugees, the Central British Fund for German Jewry (Glasgow branch) and the Mutual Aid Refugee Society (1950–1959), and minutes of the Glasgow Women's Appeal Committee (1939–1940). [13]
Among the collection of Scottish Jewish newspapers in hard copy, there is a complete set of the Jewish Echo (1928–1992), with access to its photo library. There are also examples of early Yiddish papers, dating from 1903 to the 1920s. There are further photographs of individuals, families, schoolchildren, youth groups, synagogues, shops and Friendly Societies. [5]
Items of artistic interest include plaques, paintings, and sculpture by Joseph Ancill, Hilda Goldwag, Hannah Frank and Benno Schotz. [3] Among other original artefacts are memorial boards, war medals, a ceremonial spade presented to Mr. J. Coats at the opening of Glenduffhill Cemetery in 1934, [7] and an inscribed silver Kiddush cup from 1936. [6] Various printed ephemera includes programmes relating to productions by the Jewish Institute Players and Avrom Greenbaum Players. [15]
SJAC also provides access to a collection catalogue, and hosts The Family Tree of Scottish Jewry, a database containing information taken from various sources on over 100,000 Scottish Jews, which may be consulted for a fee. [9]
Scottish Jewish Archives Centre Digital Collection website features some of its collections divided into the following themes: Theatre, Serving their Country, Migration, Refugee Period, Religious Life, Art, Soviet Jewry, Scottish Jewish Communities, Women, Relations with the Wider Community.
Opened in 2008, [2] A New Life in Scotland: over 200 Years of Jewish Experience in Scotland is a permanent exhibition, featuring a timeline of Jewish history in Scotland, themed display cases, works by Scottish Jewish artists and various artefacts showing how Jewish immigrants came to Scotland, some fleeing poverty and persecution, and seeking religious tolerance, political freedom, educational opportunity and a chance to earn a better living. [8] [11]
This isn’t just Jewish history, this is Scottish history. All of these refugees came here with nothing, perhaps a little bag of clothes and some photos, and were able to remake their lives here and help make our society better. It's important that we keep telling those stories. [17] - Kerry Patterson, Manager - Scottish Jewish Heritage Centre
Glasgow City Council is the local government authority for Glasgow City council area, Scotland. In its modern form it was created in 1996. Glasgow was formerly governed by a corporation, also known as the town council, from the granting of its first burgh charter in the 1170s until 1975. From 1975 until 1996 the city was governed by City of Glasgow District Council, a lower-tier authority within the Strathclyde region.
The Gorbals is an area in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, and former burgh, on the south bank of the River Clyde. By the late 19th century, it had become densely populated; rural migrants and immigrants were attracted by the new industries and employment opportunities of Glasgow. At its peak, during the 1930s, the wider Gorbals district had swollen in population to an estimated 90 000 residents, giving the area a very high population density of around 40 000/km2. Redevelopment after WWII has taken many turns, and the area's population is substantially smaller today. The Gorbals was also home to 16 high-rise flat blocks; only six are standing as of 2024, and two are planned for demolition around Easter time 2025.
Hannah Frank was an artist and sculptor from Glasgow, Scotland. She was known for her Art Nouveau monochrome drawings until she decided to concentrate on sculpture in 1952.
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The Garnethill Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogues located in Garnethill, Glasgow, Scotland, in the United Kingdom. Completed in 1881, the historic synagogue is considered the 'cathedral synagogue' of Scotland.
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