Sender Jarmulowsky

Last updated
Sender Jarmulowsky
Born1840 (1840)
Grajewo, Russia (present-day Poland)
Died1912 (aged 71–72)
New York City, United States
Other namesAlexander Jarmulowsky
Occupation(s) Banker and Rabbi
Known forFounding Jarmulowsky Bank and helping Jewish immigrant community access financial services

Alexander Jarmulowsky (1840-1912), better known as Sender Jarmulowsky, was a Russian Jewish banker who founded the Jarmulowsky Bank on the Lower East Side of New York in 1873.

Contents

Life

Jarmulowsky was born in the town of Grajewo, Russia (present-day Poland), in 1840 to Moszko Jarmulowsky and Fejga Zeligson. [1] He was orphaned at a young age and then raised by the Rabbi of Werblow. [2] He later attended the Volozhin Yeshiva and was ordained as a rabbi. [3]

Jarmulowsky moved to Hamburg in 1868 and started a shipping business selling ship tickets. [3] He moved to New York City in 1873, where he opened his own bank at Canal and Mott Street. [4] Located in the Lower East Side, Jarmulowsky's bank advertised itself to newly arrived immigrants (primarily Eastern European Jews) who were ignored by larger banking institutions in the city. [5] As well as providing bank accounts and loans, Jarmulowsky's bank built on his business background in Hamburg by allowing immigrants to purchase steamship tickets for their relatives back in Europe. [6]

In addition to his business activities, Jarmulowsky also served as the first president of the Eldridge Street Synagogue, during which he helped raise the money to construct its 1887 building. [3] He served as one of the twenty-five members of the New York Kehillah (Jewish Community) executive board, representing the interests of Eastern European Jews. [7]

Jarmulowsky's bank was successful enough that he was able to construct a new bank building (the Jarmulowsky Bank Building) in 1912. Although his business and clients were based in the Lower East Side, Jarmulowsky moved uptown in 1889 to East 60th Street, and later moved to 16 East 93rd Street [8] on the Upper East Side, living near the Felix Warburg mansion [9] (present day site of the Jewish Museum).

Legacy

In his memoirs, Louis Lipsky testified to the high regard for Jarmulowsky among Eastern European Jews in New York, writing that "so far as [Jarmulowsky's] immortality is concerned , he remains in the memory of thousands of American Jews as the man who freed them on the soil of the United States". [10]

After Jarmulowsky's death in 1912, he left an estate valued around $500,000, a lower sum than had been assumed. [11] The Bank was entrusted to his sons Meyer and Louis Jarmulowsky. During World War I, in 1917, customers attempted to withdraw money to send overseas to their relatives. The bank lacked the necessary funds, since its finances had been invested in Harlem real estate. [12] (As part of his real estate investments, Meyer had funded the construction of Harlem's Lafayette Theater in 1912). [13] After an ensuing riot, Meyer and Louis were indicted for banking fraud and the Jarmulowsky Bank was closed. [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Morgenthau Sr.</span> American diplomat

Henry Morgenthau was a German-born American lawyer and businessman, best known for his role as the ambassador to the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Morgenthau was one of the most prominent Americans who spoke about the Greek genocide and the Armenian genocide of which he stated, "I am firmly convinced that this is the greatest crime of the ages."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M. M. Warburg & Co.</span> German private bank

M. M. Warburg & CO KGaA is a German private bank, based in Hamburg. A family-owned bank, it was founded in 1798 by brothers Moses Marcus Warburg and Gerson Warburg, two members of the Warburg family. The bank was Aryanized under the Nazis. The Warburg family still owns 40 percent of the bank, continuing a more than 225-year legacy of private ownership.

14 Wall Street, originally the Bankers Trust Company Building, is a skyscraper at the intersection of Wall Street and Nassau Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The building is 540 feet (160 m) tall, with 32 usable floors. The original 540-foot tower is at the southeastern corner of the site, and a shorter annex wraps around the original tower.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eldridge Street Synagogue</span> Synagogue in Manhattan, New York

The Eldridge Street Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue at 12–16 Eldridge Street in the Chinatown and Lower East Side neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City. Built in 1887 for Congregation Kahal Adath Jeshurun, the synagogue is one of the first erected in the U.S. by Eastern European Jews. The congregation, officially known as Kahal Adath Jeshurun with Anshe Lubz, still owns the synagogue and hosts weekly services there in the 21st century. The Museum at Eldridge Street, founded in 1986 as the Eldridge Street Project, also occupies the synagogue under a long-term lease. The building is a National Historic Landmark and a New York City designated landmark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">110th Street (Manhattan)</span> West-east street in Manhattan, New York

110th Street is a street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is commonly known as the boundary between Harlem and Central Park, along which it is known as Central Park North. In the west, between Central Park West/Frederick Douglass Boulevard and Riverside Drive, it is co-signed as Cathedral Parkway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meyer Jacobstein</span> American politician

Meyer Jacobstein was an American educator and politician who served three terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from 1923 to 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">23 Wall Street</span> Commercial building in Manhattan, New York

23 Wall Street is a four-story office building in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, at the southeast corner of Wall Street and Broad Street. Designed by Trowbridge & Livingston in the neoclassical style and constructed from 1913 to 1914, it was originally the headquarters of J.P. Morgan & Co. Since the late 2000s, the building has remained unoccupied for long periods, although it has occasionally been used for events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">48 Wall Street</span> Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York

48 Wall Street, formerly the Bank of New York & Trust Company Building, is a 32-story, 512-foot-tall (156 m) skyscraper on the corner of Wall Street and William Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Built in 1927–1929 in the Neo-Georgian and Colonial Revival styles, it was designed by Benjamin Wistar Morris.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">55 Wall Street</span> Building in Manhattan, New York

55 Wall Street, formerly the National City Bank Building, is an eight-story building on Wall Street between William and Hanover streets in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. The lowest three stories were completed in either 1841 or 1842 as the four-story Merchants' Exchange and designed by Isaiah Rogers in the Greek Revival style. Between 1907 and 1910, McKim, Mead & White removed the original fourth story and added five floors to create the present building. The facade and part of the interior are New York City designated landmarks, and the building is listed on both the New York State Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as a National Historic Landmark. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, listed on the NRHP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jarmulowsky Bank Building</span> Building in Manhattan, New York

The Jarmulowsky Bank Building is a 12-story building on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. Located at Canal Street and Orchard Street, the Jarmulowsky Bank Building was built in 1912 and designed by architects William Lawrence Rouse and Lafayette A. Goldstone in the Beaux-Arts style. The building is clad with limestone on its lower stories and architectural terracotta on its upper stories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">49 Chambers</span> Residential building in Manhattan, New York

49 Chambers, formerly known as the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank Building and 51 Chambers Street, is a residential building at 49–51 Chambers Street in the Civic Center neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was built between 1909 and 1912 and was designed by Raymond F. Almirall in the Beaux-Arts style. The building occupies a slightly irregular lot bounded by Chambers Street to the south, Elk Street to the east, and Reade Street to the north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pershing Square Building</span> Office building in Manhattan, New York

The Pershing Square Building, also known as 125 Park Avenue or 100 East 42nd Street, is a 25-story office building in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is located on the eastern side of Park Avenue between 41st and 42nd streets, across from Grand Central Terminal to the north and adjacent to 110 East 42nd Street to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bank of the Metropolis</span> Residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York

The Bank of the Metropolis was a bank in New York City that operated between 1871 and 1918. The bank was originally located at several addresses around Union Square in Manhattan before finally moving to 31 Union Square West, a 16-story Renaissance Revival building designed by Bruce Price and built between 1902 and 1903.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Lipsky</span> President of the Zionist Organization of America

Louis Lipsky was an American Zionist leader, President of the Zionist Organization of America, magazine editor, and author of books on Jewish culture and politics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">110 East 42nd Street</span> Office building in Manhattan, New York

110 East 42nd Street, also known as the Bowery Savings Bank Building, is an 18-story office building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The structure was designed in the Italian Romanesque Revival style by York and Sawyer, with William Louis Ayres as the partner in charge. It is on the south side of 42nd Street, across from Grand Central Terminal to the north and between the Pershing Square Building to the west and the Chanin Building to the east. 110 East 42nd Street is named for the Bowery Savings Bank, which had erected the building as a new branch structure to supplement its original building at 130 Bowery. The building was erected within "Terminal City", a collection of buildings above the underground tracks surrounding Grand Central, and makes use of real-estate air rights above the tracks. The building is directly above the New York City Subway's Grand Central–42nd Street station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nathalie Schenck Laimbeer</span> American banker

Nathalie Schenck Laimbeer was an American banker, philanthropist, and socialite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">275 Madison Avenue</span> Office building in Manhattan, New York

275 Madison Avenue is a 43-story office building in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is along the southeast corner of Madison Avenue and 40th Street, near Grand Central Terminal. The building, constructed from 1930 to 1931, was designed by Kenneth Franzheim in a mixture of the Art Deco and International styles.

Herbert M. Singer was an American lawyer and philanthropist. He was the chairman of the executive committee of PepsiCo and was leader and trustee of many civic organizations including the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and Beth Israel Medical Center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bowery Savings Bank Building (130 Bowery)</span> Historic bank building in Manhattan, New York

The Bowery Savings Bank Building, also known as 130 Bowery, is an event venue and former bank building in the Little Italy and Chinatown neighborhoods of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Constructed for the defunct Bowery Savings Bank from 1893 to 1895, it occupies an L-shaped site bounded by Bowery to the east, Grand Street to the south, and Elizabeth Street to the west. The Bowery Savings Bank Building was designed by Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White. Since 2002, it has hosted an event venue called Capitale. The building's facade and interior are New York City designated landmarks, and the building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apple Bank Building</span> Bank and apartment building in Manhattan, New York

The Apple Bank Building, also known as the Central Savings Bank Building and 2100 Broadway, is a bank and residential building at 2100–2114 Broadway on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Constructed as a branch of the Central Savings Bank, now Apple Bank, from 1926 to 1928, it occupies a trapezoidal city block bounded by 73rd Street to the south, Amsterdam Avenue to the east, 74th Street to the north, and Broadway to the west. The Apple Bank Building was designed by York and Sawyer in the Renaissance Revival and palazzo styles, patterned after an Italian Renaissance-style palazzo.

References

  1. ↑ Tobias, Michael (January 2010). "Grajewo Births, Marriages 1834-43, 52-53, 55-57 Deaths 1834-43,45,52-53,55-57". Jewish Records Indexing - Poland.
  2. ↑ Kobrin, Rebecca (2018-12-14), "Jewish Immigrant Bankers, New York Real Estate, and American Finance, 1870–1914", Doing Business in America, Purdue University Press, pp. 49–76, doi:10.2307/j.ctvh9w101.7, ISBN   978-1-61249-559-0 , retrieved 2023-04-10
  3. 1 2 3 Polland, Annie (2009), Landmark of the Spirit: The Eldridge Street Synagogue, Yale University Press, doi:10.12987/9780300142839-003
  4. ↑ Polland, Annie; Soyer, Daniel (2015). Emerging Metropolis: New York Jews in the Age of Immigration, 1840-1920. NYU Press. p. 107. ISBN   9781479811052.
  5. ↑ Jaffe, Steven H. (2014). Capital of capital : money, banking + and power in New York City, 1784-2012. Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN   978-0-231-16910-3. OCLC   882985050.
  6. ↑ Moore, Deborah Dash; Gurock, Jeffrey S.; Polland, Annie; Rock, Howard B.; Soyer, Daniel (2020). Jewish New York: The Remarkable Story of a City and a People. New York University Press. p. 91. ISBN   9781479802647.
  7. ↑ Sarna, Jonathan D. (2005). American Judaism : a history. Yale University Press. ISBN   0-300-10976-8. OCLC   1037503490.
  8. ↑ Gray, Christopher (2007-02-25). "A Wave of Change for a Quiet Block". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  9. ↑ Kobrin, Rebecca (2013). "Destructive Creators: Sender Jarmulowsky and Financial Failure in the Annals of American Jewish History". American Jewish History. 97 (2): 105–137. doi:10.1353/ajh.2013.0010. ISSN   1086-3141.
  10. ↑ Lipsky, Louis (1975). Memoirs in profile. Jewish Publication Society of America. ISBN   0-8276-0069-0. OCLC   1313739026.
  11. ↑ "ONLY $501,053 LEFT BY JARMULOWSKY; East Side Banker Had Been Reputed to be a Multi-Millionaire". The New York Times. 1913-08-14. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  12. ↑ "Ticket to Riches". סגולה. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  13. ↑ Gray, Christopher (1990-11-11). "Streetscapes: Harlem's Lafayette Theater; Jackhammering the Past". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  14. ↑ Gray, Christopher (1991-05-26). "The Unmaking of a 'Landmark'". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-04-10.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.