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A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded or saturated by water, either permanently for years or decades or seasonally for a shorter periods. Flooding results in oxygen-free anoxic processes prevailing, especially in the soils. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from terrestrial land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique anoxic hydric soils. Wetlands are considered among the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal species. Methods for assessing wetland functions, wetland ecological health, and general wetland condition have been developed for many regions of the world. These methods have contributed to wetland conservation partly by raising public awareness of the functions some wetlands provide. Constructed wetlands are designed and built to treat municipal and industrial wastewater as well as to divert stormwater runoff. Constructed wetlands may also play a role in water-sensitive urban design.
Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life or, more commonly, the site where such enterprise takes place. Commercial fisheries include wild fisheries and fish farms, both in freshwater waterbodies and the oceans. About 500 million people worldwide are economically dependent on fisheries. 171 million tonnes of fish were produced in 2016, but overfishing is an increasing problem, causing declines in some populations.
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Vidya Jyothi Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama is a Sri Lankan ornithologist and environmentalist. He is a Professor Emeritus and former head of the Department of Zoology, University of Colombo.
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Environmental issues in Sri Lanka include large-scale logging of forests and degradation of mangroves, coral reefs and soil. Air pollution and water pollution are challenges for Sri Lanka since both cause negative health impacts. Overfishing and insufficient waste management, especially in rural areas, leads to environmental pollution. Sri Lanka is also vulnerable to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events and sea level rise.
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References
- 1 2 3 "Action to protect wetlands". Sunday Observer. 2022-02-11. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- 1 2 3 "Dr. (Mrs) S. Jayakody | Faculty of Livestock Fisheries and Nutrition - WUSL" . Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- ↑ "Highlights and images of main proceedings for 5 October 2018". IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- ↑ "Sri Lanka mulls declaration of Sensitive Marine Protection Zone". Sri Lanka News - Newsfirst. 2021-10-18. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- ↑ "Mangrove Blue Carbon for Climate Change Mitigation – Commonwealth Bluecharter". bluecharter.thecommonwealth.org. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- ↑ Nadeera, Dilshan. "Revive mangroves degraded by shrimp farms" . Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- ↑ "Dr. Sevvandi Jayakody". Environment Foundation (Guarantee) Limited. Retrieved 2022-02-21.