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The Timurid Empire was a late medieval, culturally Persianate Turco-Mongol empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, as well as parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India and Turkey. The empire was culturally hybrid, combining Turko-Mongolian and Persianate influences, with the last members of the dynasty being "regarded as ideal Perso-Islamic rulers".
The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years. The first ruler of the dynasty, Khizr Khan, who was the Timurid vassal of Multan, conquered Delhi in 1414, while the rulers proclaimed themselves the Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate under Mubarak Shah, which succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the Sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty in 1451.
Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi or Sharif al-Din Ali’ Yazdi, also known by his pen name Sharaf, was a 15th-century Persian scholar who authored several works in the arts and sciences, including mathematics, astronomy, enigma, literature such as poetry, and history. The Zafarnama, a life of Timur, is his most famous work.
Shah Rukh or Shahrukh Mirza was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447.
Khokhar is a historical Punjabi tribe primarily native to the Pothohar Plateau of Pakistani Punjab. Khokhars are also found in the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana. Khokhars predominantly follow Islam, having converted to Islam from Hinduism after coming under the influence of Baba Farid.
Zafarnama is the title of a number of Persian and Turkish literary works
The Garrett Zafarnama is an early manuscript of the Zafarnama by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi now in the Johns Hopkins University Library in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq, also known as Nasiruddin Mohammad Shah, was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty to rule the Islamic Delhi Sultanate.
The Battle of Nakhchivan was fought between Kara Koyunlu under their Bey, Qara Yusuf and the Timurid Empire under the leadership of Timur's grandson Abu Bakr ibn Miran Shah, for control of Azerbaijan on October 14, 1406. Qara Yusuf decisively defeated the Timurids in this battle and took over Tabriz, the capital of the region.
Jasrat was a 15th-century Punjabi chieftain who ruled in northern Punjab and Jammu. He is mainly known for leading a series of raids and invasions against Delhi Sultanate between 1421 and 1442, which had a far reaching influence in the history of region.
Mu'iz-ud-din Umar Shaikh Mirza was a member of the Timurid dynasty and a son of its founder, the Central Asian conqueror Timur. Known for being a skilled soldier, Umar Shaikh was one of Timur's military commanders and also served as a regional governor. He died in 1394, predeceasing his father by over a decade.
The Zafarnama is a panegyric book written by Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi approximately two decades after the death of its main subject, Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror. It was commissioned by Ibrahim Sultan, Timur's grandson between 1424–28, and remains one of the best-known sources of Timur's life. The text was written using the notes taken by royal scribes and secretaries of Timur, suggesting that the history of the book was based on a careful and desired selection of facts.
Qarachar Noyan, also spelt Karachar, was a Mongol military commander under Genghis Khan as well as a paternal ancestor of Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire.
Gayur-khan or Kyr Bek was the king of Simsir in the 14th century. He was involved in the Timurid invasion of the Caucasus and was recorded in the two Persian chronicles: Zafarnama by Nizam al-Din Shami and the Zafarnama by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi.
Nizam al-Din Shami, also known as Nizam-i Shami or Nizam al-Din Shambi, was a Persian man of letters and a chronicler who flourished in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. He wrote the Zafarnama, the earliest extant Timurid chronicle and the oldest surviving biography on Timur. Shami's Zafarnama was continued by Hafiz-i Abru, and would also form the basis of the better-known Zafarnama of Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi.
Sequ Sechen Barlas or, Suqu Sechen mean was a Borjigin Prince and Advisor, military commander of the Khamag Mongol Confederacy, he was serving Ambaghai Khan, Hotula Khan, and the father of Genghis Khan Yesükhei Bagatur at the Suqu was the father of Qarachar Barlas who was the Foundation of Barlas Clan which is sub-branch of borjigin and the paternal ancestor of Timur, and the father of Qubilai Barlas the one of four hounds of Genghis Khan, as well as the father of Tuqachar Kuregan who was the ''son-in-law'' and military commander of Genghis Khan. he was the son of Erumduli Barlas who was the Grandson of Tumbinai Khan who was the Khan of Borjigin Mongol.
Erumduli Barlas living during 12th Centuries was a Borjigin Prince, a Military Commander, Advisor of Mongols he serving his great uncle Khabul Khan who was the founder of Khamag Mongol Confederation and Ambaghai Khan, and also Hotula Khan who was the leader of Taichud Clan, he was the Grandson of Tumbinai Khan through his son Khaduli, as well as his Grandson Qarachar Noyan who was the founder of Barlas tribe and the paternal ancestor of Timur. his son suqu sechen also served Khamag Mongolia as state official.
Khaduli Barlas or, Khadjuli Barlas was the Borjigin Prince. He was the son of Tumbinai Khan and brother of the Khabul Khan who was the founder of Khamag Mongol. They lived in the 12th century. Historians mentioned him as ''full-brother'' of the Khabul Khan, He served Khamag Mongol as a military leader, minister and advisor. He was the paternal ancestor of Timur through his great-great-great-grandson Qarachar Barlas founder of the Barlas Mongol clan. He fought along with his brother Qabul Khan against China. They won victories for Khamag Mongol confederacy, His son Erumduli Barlas also served the Mongol administration.
Tumbinai Khan, Tumbinai Setsen Khan, or, Timurids say Tumanay Khan was the Khan of the Borjigin Imperial Mongol tribe. He lived during the 11th and 12th centuries. His son and successor Khabul Khan was the founder of the Khamag Mongol after his death. His second son Khaduli agreed with his brother Khabul Khan. He was the son and successor of Baishinkhur Dogshin who was the son of Kaidu Khan. Tumbinai had two great lineages: First through his oldest son Khabul's great-grandson Genghis Khan, who was the founder of the Mongol Empire, one of the largest empires in the world, which ruled most of the Asian continent and large parts of Europe. His lineage also extended through another son Khaduli Barlas' great-grandson Qarachar Barlas, the founder of the Barlas Confederation, whose great-great-great-grandson Timur Barlas was the conqueror and founder of Timurid Empire in Western Asia, Central Asia, and some parts of South Asia and East Asia, and through Timur's great-great-great-Grandson Babur, who was the founder of Mughal Empire in the South Asian subcontinent.
The Timur's South Georgian campaign was a invasion led by Timur and Ibrahim I of Shirvan against George VII of Georgia in retaliation for George's role in the siege of Alinja.
References
- ↑ Yazdī, Sharaf al-Dīn ʻAlī. "The History of Timur-Bec".
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