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Varmā, Verma, Varman, or Burman are surnames found in India and Southeast Asia. These surnames are commonly used by people of different castes and ethnic groups across the region. The surname is used in North India by some of the groups among cluster of castes called Kayasthas. However, in the same region along with Central India, it can also be found among castes like Lodhi rajputs, Prajapats, Kurmis and Koeris.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy, the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism, possibly due to the absence of party organizations, independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party, or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national, state, regional, and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers, and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties, other national and regional parties such as Shiromani Akali Dal, Shiv Sena, Samajwadi Party, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal Secular, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Kerala Congress, Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, Indian Union Muslim League, AIMIM, and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families, mostly those of the party founders.
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Mahto or Mahato is a surname used by several castes and communities in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Odisha in India. Mahato is also a popular surname in Nepal. In the zamindari villages, "Mahto" was a title given to the headman of a village ward. The mahto's duties were to maintain peace in his area, and collect revenue for the zamindar. In Chotanagpur plateau region of Jharkhand, including in the Oraon tribal society, Mahato was historically a title of the village chief. In Bihar, the surname Mahto is primarily used by people belonging to Kushwaha caste. While in Jharkhand, it is a term most often associated with Koeri and Kurmi caste.
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Patiyali Assembly constituency is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Kasganj district. Patiyali Assembly constituency comes under Etah Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1969 after the delimitation order was passed in 1967. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 102.
Maurya is a surname used by Kushwaha caste in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The community called Kushwaha are also known as Koeri, Kachhi, Shakya, and Murao in various parts of the state of Uttar Pradesh. They are second largest OBC group in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh after Yadavs and are one of the most politically organised peasant community in India after Jats, Yadavs and Kurmis. In Rajasthan, due to lack of numerical preponderance in assembly constituencies like Jats, they are underrepresented in politics; however, in Bihar, they are a dominant caste, comprising approximately 9 percent of the population of state. They wield influence over 63 assembly constituencies and half a dozen Lok Sabha seats in Bihar.
Kushwaha is a surname used by people of Koeri caste in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The Kushwahas are also known as Maurya, Shakya, Saini in various parts of north India. As per one opinion, the Kushwaha surname is also common among members of Kachhi caste, who later merged with the Koeris to become a single homogeneous community. They are a dominant OBC community in the state of Bihar.
Surendra Kumar Kushwaha is a Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Fazilnagar Assembly constituency. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislature as a candidate of Bhartiya Janata Party in 2022 Assembly elections. Kushwaha defeated Swami Prasad Maurya of Samajwadi Party in this election. Kushwaha, who was a teacher in earlier part of his life, before becoming a Member of Legislative Assembly, was employed in the Pawanagar Mahavir Inter college (Kushinagar), as a teacher of Social Studies.
Saini is an Indian surname, used by various communities in North India. In Uttar Pradesh, it is used by people of Kushwaha or the Koeri caste. In Rajasthan and Haryana, it is most often associated with Mali caste. Saini is also a community of Punjab, included in state's list of Other Backward Class from 2016 onwards. In Haryana term Saini is considered synonymous with other terms such as Koeri, Kushwaha, Maurya and Shakya, all included in state's list of Backward Castes.
Ram Autar Shakya was an Indian politician based in Uttar Pradesh. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly twice from the Bhongaon Assembly constituency. Shakya was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the first time in 1991, as a candidate of Janata Party. In 1996 mid-term elections, he was elected to 13th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, but this time, as a candidate of Samajwadi Party. The Bhongaon Assembly constituency was later represented by his son Alok Kumar Shakya, who represented this constituency thrice after death of his father.
Suraj Singh Shakya was an Indian politician and a member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, who was elected to 12th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly as a candidate of Bharatiya Janata Party. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Sakit Assembly constituency of Etah district of Uttar Pradesh. He also served as Minister of State for Cooperatives in Government of Uttar Pradesh during 1991–92. Shakya has served as M.L.A for four terms. He was first elected in 1991 and was subsequently re-elected in 1993 elections. After his second term, there was a gap and his third term came in 2002, which was followed by his victory in 2007 Assembly elections as well. Besides Bharatiya Janata Party, he has also represented Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh Assembly.
References
- ↑ "Swami Prasad Maurya's exit: BSP loses OBC face, Mayawati's voice before the media". Indian express. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ↑ "BJP bets big on non-Yadav OBCs in UP Assembly polls". Economic Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ↑ "Peasants and Monks in British India". publishing.cdlib.org.
Original Text from Peasants and Monks in British India "Kushvaha-kshatriya identity was espoused by agricultural communities well known throughout the Gangetic north for an expertise in small-scale vegetable and poppy cultivation. Prominent among them were Kachhi and Murao agriculturalists of central Uttar Pradesh, Kachhvahas of western Uttar Pradesh, and Koiris of Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh."
- ↑ "Will the caste arithmetic add up as planned?". thehindubusinessline. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ↑ "Swami Prasad Maurya: 7 things about former BSP leader who is creating ripples before UP polls". Financial Express. Archived from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
Maurya belongs to the biggest caste group among OBCs after Yadavs and Kurmis. Known by the surnames Kachhi, Maurya, Kushwaha, Saini and Shakya, this group is present in most assembly seats from east to west UP.
- ↑ "Uttar Pradesh elections: Swami Prasad Maurya says no intention to go back to BJP; court issues arrest warrant". Times of India. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ↑ "Haryana government adds Kushwah, Koeri, Maurya caste to Backward Caste list". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ↑ "Suraj Singh Shakya a spent force in politics, says Etah MP". Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ↑ Whelpton, John. A History of Nepal - John Whelpton. p. 31. ISBN 978-0521804707.
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