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DawAung San Suu Kyi,sometimes abbreviated to Suu Kyi,is a Burmese politician,diplomat,author,and democracy activist who served as state counsellor of Myanmar and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2021. She has served as the general secretary of the National League for Democracy (NLD) since the party's founding in 1988 and was registered as its chairperson while it was a legal party from 2011 to 2023. She played a vital role in Myanmar's transition from military junta to partial democracy in the 2010s.
Khin Nyunt is a retired Burmese army general widely recognized for his influential role in shaping Myanmar's political dynamics. Serving as the Chief of Intelligence and Prime Minister of Myanmar from 25 August 2003 to 18 October 2004,he played a crucial part in the nation's history. During his tenure,Khin Nyunt oversaw significant developments in Myanmar's intelligence and apparatus and government policies. He was instrumental in implementing reforms aimed at modernizing intelligence operations and promoting national security interests. However his leadership faced challenges,and he was eventually removed from power in 2004 amid political reshuffles within the ruling military junta. Despite his removal from office,Khin Nyunt's legacy continued to be debated,with some viewing him as a reformist figure and others critiquing his approach to governance.
The National League for Democracy is a deregistered liberal democratic political party in Myanmar. It became the country's ruling party after a landslide victory in the 2015 general election but was overthrown in a coup d'état in February 2021 following another landslide election victory in 2020.
Rakhine State,formerly known as Arakan State,is a state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast,it is bordered by Chin State to the north,Magway Region,Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east,the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between latitudes 17°30' north and 21°30' north and longitudes 92°10' east and 94°50' east. The Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separated Rakhine State from central Burma from North to South. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree,Cheduba and Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe.
The Rohingya people are a stateless ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State,Myanmar. Before the Rohingya genocide in 2017,when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh,an estimated 1.4 million Rohingya lived in Myanmar. Described by journalists and news outlets as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world,the Rohingya are denied citizenship under the 1982 Myanmar nationality law. There are also restrictions on their freedom of movement,access to state education and civil service jobs. The legal conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar have been compared to apartheid by some academics,analysts and political figures,including Nobel laureate Bishop Desmond Tutu,a South African anti-apartheid activist. The most recent mass displacement of Rohingya in 2017 led the International Criminal Court to investigate crimes against humanity,and the International Court of Justice to investigate genocide.
The Rohingya conflict is an ongoing conflict in the northern part of Myanmar's Rakhine State,characterised by sectarian violence between the Rohingya Muslim and Rakhine Buddhist communities,a military crackdown on Rohingya civilians by Myanmar's security forces,and militant attacks by Rohingya insurgents in Buthidaung,Maungdaw,and Rathedaung Townships,which border Bangladesh.
The Rohingya Patriotic Front (RPF) was a political organisation headquartered in Cox's Bazar,Bangladesh. The RPF had a small and poorly armed insurgent army of 70 fighters,who were active along the Bangladesh–Burma border and in northern Arakan,Burma. The goal of the RPF was to create an autonomous Muslim zone for the Rohingya people.
Aye Tha Aung is a Burmese politician,former political prisoner and former Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw,the upper house of the Myanmar parliament. In the 2015 election,he contested and won the Rakhine State №6 constituency for a seat in the country's upper house.
Nurul Islam is a Rohingya political activist and Yangon-educated lawyer from Myanmar (Burma). He is the president of the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO) and lives with his family in London,the United Kingdom.
Aye Maung is a Burmese politician and was the chairperson of the Arakan National Party,one of Myanmar's ethnic political parties. He is currently the leader of the Arakan Front Party. He is a staunch nationalist known for his hardline stance against the Rohingya people,having tirelessly campaigned against the minority group and having been involved in instigating attacks against them in the communal violence in 2012.
Ko Ni was a prominent Burmese lawyer and an expert on constitutional law. He was assassinated by gunshot in Yangon,Myanmar,on 29 January 2017.
Violent clashes have been ongoing in the northern part of Myanmar's Rakhine State since October 2016. Insurgent attacks by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) have led to sectarian violence perpetrated by Myanmar's military and the local Buddhist population against predominantly Muslim Rohingya civilians. The conflict has sparked international outcry and was described as an ethnic cleansing by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. In August 2017,the situation worsened and hundreds of thousands of refugees fled Myanmar into Bangladesh,with an estimated 500,000 refugees having arrived by 27 September 2017. In January 2019,Arakan Army insurgents raided border police posts in Buthidaung Township,joining the conflict and beginning their military campaign in northern Rakhine State against the Burmese military.
Mohammed Abdul Gaffar (1910–1966),also known as Abdul Gaffar,was a politician from Arakan,Burma. He was elected to the Legislature of Burma in British Burma from Buthidaung in 1947. After Burmese independence in 1948,the President of Burma Sao Shwe Thaik appointed Gaffar as one of the seven members of the Inquiry Commission of Arakan in 1949. Gaffar was elected to the Chamber of Nationalities from Akyab West constituency in 1952. He was elected from Maungdaw in 1956. He also served as Parliamentary Secretary for the Ministry of Health in the government of Prime Minister U Nu.
Sultan Mahmud (1900–1982) was a politician from Arakan,Burma. In the British Raj,Mahmud served as cabinet secretary in the Central Legislative Assembly. After Burmese independence,he was elected to the Parliament of Burma through a by election from Buthidaung in 1957. He was re-elected in 1960. He served as Minister of Health of the Union of Burma from 1960 till the 1962 Burmese coup d'état.
Fazal Ahmed is a Rohingya lawyer and former politician in Myanmar. He was a leader of the National Democratic Party for Human Rights (NDPHR). He was elected as Parliament of Myanmar MP during the 1990 Burmese general election.
Nur Ahmed,also known as Tin Maung,was a Burmese Rohingya legislator,health worker and activist. He was a CEC member of the National Democratic Party for Human Rights. He was elected to the Parliament of Myanmar in 1990.
Ebrahim,also known as Chit Lwin,is a Rohingya lawyer,accountant and former politician. He was elected as a Parliament of Myanmar MP in 1990 election. He was the chairman of the National Democratic Party for Human Rights. The party was later banned by the Burmese military junta and its members are barred from contesting elections.
Shwe Maung,also known by his Islamic name Abdul Razak,is a Rohingya rights activist in Myanmar and politician who served as a member of parliament in the House of Representatives for Buthidaung constituency from 2011 to 2016.
The Mayu Frontier District was an administrative division of Burma that existed between 1961 and 1964. It covered the Maungdaw District of present-day Rakhine State in the historical region of Arakan. The zone was administered directly from the capital Rangoon.
Wai Wai Nu is a Burmese human rights activist. She was listed one of the BBC 100 Women in 2014. In 2017,she was named one of Time magazine's Next Generation Leaders. She is an ethnic Rohingya.