Shitta-Bey Mosque | |
---|---|
Religion | |
Affiliation | Islam |
Status | Active |
Location | |
Location | Lagos Island, Lagos |
Country | Nigeria |
Architecture | |
Architect(s) | João Baptista da Costa |
Type | Mosque |
Style | Afro-Brazilian Architecture |
Founder | Mohammed Shitta Bey |
Date established | July 4, 1894 |
Groundbreaking | 1881 |
Completed | February 7, 1892 |
Construction cost | £3000 [1] [2] |
Specifications | |
Capacity | 200 |
Minaret(s) | 1 |
Materials | concrete, granite and marble |
Designated as NHL | National Monument [3] |
Some sources reported £5,000 [4] and £7000. [5] |
Shitta-Bey Mosque is a mosque, religious learning centre and one of the oldest mosques in Nigeria. [6] The mosque is located at Martins Ereko Street, Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria. It was established in 1892 and designated as National monument by Nigerian Commission for Museums and Monuments in 2013. [3] The mosque, considered one of the most important historical legacies of Nigeria, [7] Shitta-Bey Mosque was named after its founder Sierra Leonean-born Nigerian, Mohammed Shitta Bey, who was an aristocrat, philanthropist and businessman. [8]
The construction of the mosque started in 1891 and was financed by Mohammed Shitta Bey, a businessman and philanthropist, son of Sierra Leone-born parents of Yoruba descent. A Brazilian architect João Baptista da Costa oversaw the construction which was done with tile-work depicting the Afro-Brazilian architecture. [3] The Shitta-Bey Mosque launched on July 4, 1894, at a ceremony presided over by Governor of Lagos, Sir Gilbert Carter. Others in attendance included Oba Oyekan I, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Abdullah Quilliam (who represented Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire), and prominent Lagosian Christians such as James Pinson Labulo Davies, John Otunba Payne, and Richard Beale Blaize as well as foreign representatives. [7] Quilliam brought a letter accredited to the Sultan of Turkey asking Lagos Muslims to embrace Western education. [9]
It was at the launch that Mohammed Shitta was honored with the "Bey" title, the Ottoman Order of Medjidie 3rd class (the highest class for a civilian) by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Thereafter, Mohammed Shitta became known by the compounded name Shitta-Bey. [10] [11]
Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid I was the 27th sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to 1789.
ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd, also spelled as Abdulhamid, Abd-ul Hamid, and Abd ol-Hamid, is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ʻabd and al-Ḥamīd, one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which gave rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the All-laudable".
William Henry Quilliam, who changed his name to Abdullah Quilliam and later Henri Marcel Leon or Haroun Mustapha Leon, was a 19th-century British convert from Christianity to Islam, noted for founding England's first mosque and Islamic centre.
Dusé Mohamed Ali (دوسي محمد علي) was a Sudanese-Egyptian actor and political activist, who became known for his African nationalism. He was also a playwright, historian, journalist, editor, and publisher. In 1912 he founded the African Times and Orient Review, later revived as the African and Orient Review, which published in total through 1920. He lived and worked mostly in England, alongside the United States and Nigeria respectively. In the latter location, he founded the Comet Press Ltd, and The Comet newspaper in Lagos.
Mohammed Alexander Russell Webb was an American writer, publisher, and the United States Consul to the Philippines. He converted to Islam in 1889, and is considered by historians to be the earliest prominent Anglo-American Muslim convert. In 1893, he was the sole person representing Islam at the first Parliament of the World's Religions.
The 31 March incident was a political crisis within the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era. Occurring soon after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, in which the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) had successfully restored the Constitution and ended the absolute rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, it is sometimes referred to as an attempted countercoup or counterrevolution. It consisted of a general uprising against the CUP within Istanbul, largely led by reactionary groups, particularly Islamists opposed to the secularising influence of the CUP and supporters of absolutism, although liberal opponents of the CUP within the Liberty Party also played a lesser role. The crisis ended after eleven days, when troops loyal to the CUP restored order in Istanbul and deposed Abdulhamid.
A failed assassination attempted on Sultan Abdul Hamid II by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) at Yıldız Mosque took place on 21 July 1905 in the Ottoman capital Istanbul. The Times described the incident as "one of the greatest and most sensational political conspiracies of modern times."
Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. The period when he reigned in the Ottoman Empire is known as the Hamidian Era. He oversaw a period of decline, with rebellions, and presided over an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78) followed by a successful war against the Kingdom of Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention.
The Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque, also called the Yıldız Mosque, is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in Yıldız neighbourhood of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey, on the way to Yıldız Palace. The mosque was commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II, and constructed between 1884 and 1886. The mosque was built on a rectangular plan and has one minaret. The architecture of the mosque is a combination of Neo-Gothic style and classical Ottoman motifs. A bronze colonnade erected by Abdul Hamid II in Marjeh Square of Damascus, Syria bears a replica statue of the Yıldız Mosque on top.
The Liverpool Muslim Institute was founded by Abdullah Quilliam in 1887.
The Osmanoğlu family are the members of the historical House of Osman, which was the namesake and sole ruling house of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
The Crescent was an Islamic newspaper, published in the United Kingdom from 1893 to 1908.
Pesend Hanım was a consort of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.
The Saro, or Nigerian Creoles of the 19th and early 20th centuries, were Africans that were emancipated and initially resettled in Freetown, Sierra Leone by the Royal Navy, which, with the West Africa Squadron, enforced the abolition of the international slave trade after the British Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act 1807. Those freedmen who migrated back to Nigeria from Sierra Leone, over several generations starting from the 1830s, became known locally as Saro(elided form of Sierra Leone, from the Yoruba sàró). Consequently, the Saro are culturally descended from Sierra Leone Creoles, with ancestral roots to the Yoruba people of Nigeria.
The Oku people or the Aku Marabout or Aku Mohammedans are an ethnic group in Sierra Leone and the Gambia, primarily the descendants of marabout, liberated Yoruba people who were released from slave ships and resettled in Sierra Leone as Liberated Africans or came as settlers in the mid-19th century.
Chief Mohammed Shitta-Bey, alias Olowo Pupa, was the first titled Seriki Musulumi of Lagos. He was a prominent Nigerian Muslim businessman, aristocrat and philanthropist who was involved in commerce across Lagos and the Niger-Delta region. He was also a patron of the Shitta-Bey Mosque in Lagos, and served as a leader in the Lagos Muslim community until his death.
The architecture of Lagos is an eclectic mix of different types, styles and periods. Buildings range from traditional vernacular architecture to tropical, modern architecture or a mixture. The oldest European-styled buildings date back to the 17th century. Elements of Portuguese architecture introduced by returnee ex-slaves from Brazil and the Caribbean, although present all over the city, predominates in places like: Lagos Island, Surulere and Yaba Municipalities. Colonial-styled architecture flourished during the Lagos Colony. The Lagos skyline is a mixture of modern high rise buildings, skyscrapers, dilapidated buildings and slums. Lagos has the tallest skyline in Nigeria. Skyscraper construction commenced in the 1960s. Several office and mixed-use buildings have been built by international developers and private equity firms. Modern buildings and structures have been a continuous development until date.
Shemsi Pasha (1846-1908) was an Ottoman-Albanian general.
Robert Reschid Stanley (1828–1911) was a British grocer, tea trader and mayor (1874–76) of Stalybridge, near Manchester. He is best known for his conversion to Islam. As a Muslim, he served as vice chair at the Liverpool Muslim Institute.
Ahmadiyya is an Islamic branch in Nigeria under the caliph in London. Members of the organization are predominantly from Western Nigeria.