Related Research Articles
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in the western region of Central Europe. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its 16 constituent states have a total population of over 84 million, covering a combined area of 357,600 km2 (138,100 sq mi) and sharing land borders with Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.
World War II or the Second World War was a global conflict between two major alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of these military alliances. Many participating countries invested all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities into this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. It was by far the deadliest conflict in history, resulting in 70–85 million fatalities. Millions died due to genocides, including the Holocaust, as well as starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of Axis defeat, Germany, Austria, and Japan were occupied, and war crime tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.
Alevism, Anatolian Alevism or Qizilbashism is a heterodox and syncretic Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who is supposed to have taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams whilst incorporating some traditions from Turkish Shamanism. Differing from Sunni Islam and Usuli Twelver Shia Islam, Alevis have no binding religious dogmas, and teachings are passed on by a spiritual leader as with Sufi orders. They acknowledge the six articles of faith of Islam, but may differ regarding their interpretation.
Ptolemaida is a town and a former municipality in Kozani regional unit, Western Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Eordaia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is known for its coal (lignite) mines and its power stations.
The Auspicious Incident was the forced disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary Corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826. Most of the 135,000 Janissaries revolted against Mahmud II, and after the rebellion was suppressed, most of them were executed, exiled or imprisoned. The disbanded Janissary corps was replaced with a more modern military force.
Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu was a renowned Turkish journalist and the founder of the newspaper Cumhuriyet. He was known to be a sympathizer of the Nazi regime before the war, as he published many antisemitic propaganda articles praising Adolf Hitler.
Kızıltepe is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe.
The tradition of folklore—folktales, jokes, legends, and the like—in the Turkish language is very rich, and is incorporated into everyday life and events.
Kul Nesîmî, or simply Nesîmî, real name Ali was an Ottoman Alevi-Bektashi poet, who lived in the 17th century in Anatolia.
The Maraş massacre was the massacre of more than one hundred leftists and Alevi Kurds in the city of Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, in December 1978, primarily by the neo-fascist Grey Wolves.
Balım Sultan was a Turcoman Bektashi sufi who established and codified the Bektashi Order at the beginning of the 16th century. The mystical practices and rituals of the Bektashi were systematized and structured by Balım, after which many of the order's distinct practices and beliefs took shape. He is considered the primary personality in the Bektashi Order after Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli (Haji Bektash) and is regarded as the “Second Pir”.
Oğuz Tansel was a Turkish poet and folklorist.
İncili Çavuş or Mustafa Çavuş was a figure of comic wisdom during the Ottoman era. He may possibly have been a real person.
Bektaşlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bala, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 210 (2022). Bektaşlı has an elevation of 887 metres. Bektaşlı is situated northwest of Küçükbıyık, and southeast of Büyükcamili.
Georg Jacob was a scholar of Islamic studies and an Orientalist. He founded Turkology as a modern academic discipline in Germany.
The Kalender Çelebi rebellion was a rebellion that occurred in 1527 in Elbistan, Eastern Anatolia. This rebellion was led by Kalender Çelebi against the Ottoman reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, who was extending his influence in the region. Although Kalender Çelebi gained the initial support of local tribal chieftains he was outmanoeuvred by Suleiman. Ultimately, the Ottoman Empire defeated the rebels, and killed Çelebi.
Karahacı is a Turk-Alevi village in the Şabanözü District of Çankırı Province. Its population is 154 (2021). Among the nomadic communities in Anatolia, there are the Karahacı, Karahacılar, Karahacılı and Karahacılu tribes, which are the Avşar clan of the Oghuzs. These tribes were dispersed to different parts of Anatolia by the Ottoman Empire, including the Sanjak of Çankırı.
List of historical tekkes, zawiyas, and dergahs in Istanbul, Turkey:
Bektaş is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 409 in 2021.
Orhan Türkdoğan was a Turkish sociologist and historian known for his research and publications on various topics, including village sociology, ethnic sociology, social movements, and culture.
References
- ↑ Shqipon Bektasi at kicker (in German)