2021 landslide
In August 2021 morning, landslide was triggered due to rainfall. About 11 houses were damaged by the landslide after it hit the settlement. [7] [8] [9]
Shrawan Danda is a hill in the North-eastern part of Butwal city in Nepal. The hill is settled by about 10,000 residents. Geologically, the hill lies in the Siwalik region. [1] The stability of the hill has been questioned by several researchers, however, the settlement has not been moved. The unstable zone of Shrawan Danda vulnerable to landslide has an area of about 1.5 km2. The altitude of the landslide zone from 200 to 750m and is covered by thin vegetation. There are several tension cracks on the crown. [1] The zone is considered highly risky against earthquake due to presence of Main Frontal Thrust and Main Boundary Thrust in the immediate vicinity. [2]
The torrential rainfall on mid August 1998, triggered a landslide on 29 August and 5 September 1998. [3] One person was killed in the landslide and five people were injured in the Jyotinagar and Laxminagar area. In total about 60 houses were damaged. The loss in infrastructure was calculated to be about NPR 58 millions. [4] [5] [6]
In August 2021 morning, landslide was triggered due to rainfall. About 11 houses were damaged by the landslide after it hit the settlement. [7] [8] [9]
Nepal measures about 880 kilometers (547 mi) along its Himalayan axis by 150 to 250 kilometers across. It has an area of 147,516 km2 (56,956 sq mi).
The Sivalik Hills, also known as the Shivalik Hills and Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is 10–50 km (6.2–31.1 mi) wide with an average elevation of 1,500–2,000 m (4,900–6,600 ft). Between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam is a gap of about 90 km (56 mi). "Sivalik" literally means 'tresses of Shiva'. Sivalik region is home to the Soanian archaeological culture.
Nawalparasi District, part of which belongs to Gandaki Province and part to Lumbini Province, was one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal before being divided into Parasi District and Nawalpur District in 2015.
Rupandehi District, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal and covers an area of 1,360 km2 (530 sq mi). The district headquarter is Bhairahawa. As per the national census 2011, the population of Rupandehi was 880,196.
Butwal, officially Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, is a sub-metropolitan city and economic hub in Lumbini Province in West Nepal. Butwal has a city population of 195,054 as per 2021 Nepal census.
The geology of Nepal is dominated by the Himalaya, the highest, youngest and a very highly active mountain range. Himalaya is a type locality for the study of on-going continent-continent collision tectonics. The Himalayan arc extends about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) from Nanga Parbat by the Indus River in northern Pakistan eastward to Namche Barwa by the gorge of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in eastern Tibet. About 800 km (500 mi) of this extent is in Nepal; the remainder includes Bhutan and parts of Pakistan, India, and China.
Ghorahi is the seventh largest city and largest sub-metropolitan city of Nepal. The city lies in Lumbini Province in the Mid-Western part of Nepal. It is the largest city of Dang Deukhuri District of southwest Nepal. Located in the Inner Terai region, it lies 413 kilometres (257 mi) south-west of Nepal's capital Kathmandu and is one of the Counter Magnets being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Kathmandu metropolitan area. It is the largest city of the Rapti Zone and is surrounded by the Sivalik Hills to the south and Mahabharata Range to the north.
Waling Municipality, the heart of Syangja, is a small valley covered with hills formed on 27 January 1997 by merging of the then three VDCs namely Waling, Dhanubase and Pekhubaaghkhor. It is a town and municipality in the western hilly region of Nepal. It is in the Aadhikhola valley in Syangja District, Gandaki Zone of Nepal. Waling will be the first municipality to have houses all coloured with pink and will be named as Pink City. Waling has grabbed an award for the best municipality of the country.
Khas Bahun are a Brahmin varna among the Khas Hindus of Nepal. Their origins are from the of Himalayan belt of South Asia. According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahun is the second most populous group after Chhetri.
West Rapti, also known as the Kuwano, is a river which drains Rapti Zone in Mid-Western Region, Nepal, then Awadh and Purvanchal regions of Uttar Pradesh state, and finally India before joining the Ghaghara. It is a major left bank tributary of the Ganges, and is also known as the Karnali inside Nepal.
The 1978 Miyagi earthquake occurred at 17:14 local time on 12 June. The epicentre was offshore of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It had a surface wave magnitude of 7.7, JMA magnitude 7.4, and triggered a small tsunami. The earthquake reached a maximum intensity of Shindo 5 in Sendai and caused 28 deaths and 1,325 injuries.
The Himalayan foreland basin is an active collisional foreland basin system in South Asia. Uplift and loading of the Eurasian Plate on to the Indian Plate resulted in the flexure (bending) of the Indian Plate, and the creation of a depression adjacent to the Himalayan mountain belt. This depression was filled with sediment eroded from the Himalaya, that lithified and produced a sedimentary basin ~3 to >7 km deep. The foreland basin spans approximately 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in length and 450 kilometres (280 mi) in width. From west to east the foreland basin stretches across five countries: Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan.
Lumbini Province is a province in western Nepal. The third largest province by area and the third largest by population, Lumbini province is home to the World Heritage Site of Lumbini, where according to the Buddhist tradition, the founder of Buddhism, Gautama Buddha was born.
The 1973 Luhuo earthquake struck near the town of Zhaggo in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, China on February 6, 1973, with a magnitude of 7.6 Ms. The earthquake had a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. It resulted in between 2,175 and 2,204 deaths and a further 2,743 injuries. Serious and widespread destruction occurred in Luhuo County.
The Tenshō earthquake occurred in Japan on January 18, 1586 at 23:00 local time. This earthquake had an estimated MJMA of 7.9, and an epicenter in Honshu's Chūbu region. It caused the deaths of an estimated 8,000 people and damaged 10,000 houses across the prefectures of Toyama, Hyōgo, Kyōto, Osaka, Nara, Mie, Aichi, Gifu, Fukui, Ishikawa and Shizuoka. Historical documentation of this earthquake is limited because it occurred during the Sengoku period.
Deposits of coal is found in Tosh, Siuja, Azimara and Abidhara in Dang, and few places in Sallyan, Rolpa, Pyuthan and Palpa districts of Nepal. The total estimated deposit is about 5 million tons. Due to low volume of deposits, mining is done by traditional methods. The mines are exploited since early 1960's to 1990's, however due to lack of proper market, they are not exploited in full capacity.
The 1803 Garhwal earthquake occurred in the early morning of September 1 at 01:30 local time. The estimated 7.8-magnitude-earthquake had an epicenter in the Garhwal Himalaya near Uttarkashi, British India. Major damage occurred in the Himalaya and Indo-Gangetic Plain, with the loss of between 200 and 300 lives. It is among the largest Himalaya earthquakes of the 19th-century, caused by thrust faulting.
The 1980 Nepal earthquake devastated the Nepal–India border region on the evening of July 29. The epicenter of the 6.6 Mw earthquake was located in Nepal, northwest of Khaptad National Park. At least 200 people died and 5,600 were injured in the disaster. Extensive damage occurred on both sides of the border, amounting to 245 million USD.
The Tsergo Ri landslide was a prehistoric landslide in the Nepalese Himalaya, which took place around 51,000±13,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period. During the collapse, a mass of rock of about 10–15 cubic kilometres (2.4–3.6 cu mi) detached from a previous mountain or ridge and descended with a speed of about 450 kilometres per hour (120 m/s); later, glaciers eroded almost the entire landslide mass. Previously weakened rocks may have contributed to the collapse, which was probably started by an earthquake.
The 1987 Chiba Prefecture offshore earthquake occurred off the east coast of the Boso Peninsula in Chiba Prefecture at 11:08:01 JST on December 17, 1987.
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