| Siege of Asilah (1690–1691) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Spanish-Moroccan conflicts | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Sultanate of Morocco |  Kingdom of Spain | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Ismail Ibn Sharif Ahmed ben Haddou | Unknown | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
Between 1690 and 1691, the Moroccans besieged the Spanish-held Asilah for a year before surrendering to the Moroccans.
In the year 1471, the Portuguese captured the city of Asilah from the Moroccans. The Portuguese built walls that surrounded the city. In 1578, the Portuguese king, Sebastian, chose Asilah as his base for his ill-fated campaign in Morocco. In 1589, the city was recaptured by the Moroccans but at some point later the city was captured by the Spanish. [1]
After the victory at Larache in 1689, the Moroccan Sultan, Ismail Ibn Sharif, dispatched his general, Ahmed ben Haddou, to besiege the city of Asilah, which was held by the Spanish. The Spanish resisted; however, after a year of fighting, they were exhausted and asked to surrender. The Moroccan Riffians agreed for a safe passage on the orders of the Sultan; however, the Spanish didn't trust the Riffians, fearing to suffer the same fate as in Larache. The Spanish left Asilah on ships at night and escaped to Spain. [2] [3] The Riffians entered the city after a siege that had lasted between 1690 and 1691. [4] The Riffians rebuilt Asilah, building two mosques, a madrasa, and a public bath. [5] [6]
Moulay Ismail Ibn Sharif was a Sultan of Morocco from 1672 to 1727, as the second ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was the seventh son of Moulay Sharif and was governor of the province of Fez and the north of Morocco from 1667 until the death of his half-brother, Sultan Moulay Rashid in 1672. He was proclaimed sultan at Fez, but spent several years in conflict with his nephew Moulay Ahmed ben Mehrez, who also claimed the throne, until the latter's death in 1687. Moulay Ismail's 55-year reign is the longest of any sultan of Morocco. During his lifetime, Isma’il amassed a harem of over 500 women with more than 800 confirmed biological children, making him one of the most prodigious fathers in recorded history.
MoulayAbd al-Rahman bin Hisham was Sultan of Morocco from 30 November 1822 to 28 August 1859, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was a son of Moulay Hisham. He was proclaimed sultan in Fes after the death of Moulay Sulayman.
Sidi Mohammed ben Abdallahal-Khatib, known as Mohammed III, born in 1710 in Fes and died on 9 April 1790 in Meknes, was the Sultan of Morocco from 1757 to 1790 as a member of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was the governor of Marrakesh around 1750. He was also briefly sultan in 1748. He rebuilt many cities after the earthquake of 1755, including Mogador, Casablanca, and Rabat, and Abdallah Laroui described him as "the architect of modern Morocco." He also defeated the French in the Larache expedition in 1765 and expelled the Portuguese from Mazagan (al-Jadīda) in 1769. He is notable for having been the first leader to recognize American independence in his alliance with Luis de Unzaga 'le Conciliateur' through correspondence and Unzaga's secret intelligence service and led by his brothers-in-law Antonio and Matías de Gálvez from the Canary Islands. He was the son of Mawlay Abdallah bin Ismail and his wife a lady of the Chéraga guich tribe.
The Saadi Sultanate, also known as the Sharifian Sultanate, was a state which ruled present-day Morocco and parts of Northwest Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was led by the Saadi dynasty, an Arab Sharifian dynasty.
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Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts refer to a series of battles between Morocco and Portugal throughout history including Battle of Tangier, Fall of Agadir and other battles and sieges in the Moroccan coast.
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad, also Sultan Ahmad, or Ahmad al-Wattasi, was a Sultan of the Moroccan Wattasid dynasty. He ruled from 1526 to 1545, and again between 1547 and 1549.
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The 1465 Moroccan revolution was a popular uprising in the city of Fez, which was the capital of Morocco, against Sultan Abd al-Haqq II, the last ruler of the Marinid dynasty, and his Jewish vizier, Harun ibn Batash.
Abu Said Uthman III, was Marinid ruler of Morocco from 19 March 1398 to 1420, the last effective ruler of that dynasty. He ascended to the throne at the age of sixteen. He succeeded his brother, Abu Amir Abdallah ibn Ahmad. His forces were involved in an unsuccessful attempt to acquire Gibraltar from the Emirate of Granada in 1410. In 1415 the Portuguese seized the port of Ceuta. Abu Said Uthman III failed in an attempt to recover Ceuta, and was shortly after assassinated. His vizier gained control of the kingdom, establishing the Wattasid dynasty of rulers of Morocco.
Jaysh al-Rifi, described in 18th-century correspondence with the British as 'the Army of all the People of the Rif', was the name of an influential Moroccan army corps in the 17th and the 18th centuries. The army was formed by Moulay Ismail out of Riffian tribesmen from the eastern Rif. Their rise coincided with the formation of the Black Guard, also by Moulay Ismail. They came to play an important role in the 17th century Moroccan wars against Spanish colonization. Cities like Tangier, Ksar el-Kebir, Mehdya, Asilah were reconquered by the Jaysh al-Rifi. One of its generals was Ali bin Abdallah al-Riffi, a native of Temsamane, who became governor of Tangier, Asilah and Tetouan. His descendants, the al-Rifi family, would govern those towns and most of the Gharb with a large degree of autonomy until 1912.
The sieges of Ceuta, also known as the thirty-year siege, were a series of blockades by Moroccan forces of the Spanish-held city of Ceuta on the North African coast. The first siege began on 23 October 1694 and finished in 1720 when reinforcements arrived. During the 26 years of the first siege, the city underwent changes leading to the loss of its Portuguese character. While most of the military operations took place around the city walls, there were also small-scale penetrations by Spanish forces at various points on the Moroccan coast, and the seizure of shipping in the Strait of Gibraltar. The city was placed under a second siege in 1721 until 22 April 1727. The engagements are considered to be the longest siege in history.
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The siege of Tlemcen from 1299 to 1307 designates all of the operations undertaken by the army of the Marinid sultan, Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr to seize the city of Tlemcen, the capital of the Zayyanid Kingdom, during the conflict between the Kingdom of Tlemcen and the Marinids. The siege was lifted following the assassination of the Marinid Sultan.
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