The Battle of Preveza was a naval engagement that took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in the Ionian Sea in northwestern Greece between an Ottoman fleet and that of a Holy League. The battle was an Ottoman victory which occurred in the same area in the Ionian Sea as the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. It was one of the three largest sea battles that took place in the sixteenth century Mediterranean, along with the Battle of Djerba and the Battle of Lepanto.
Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi was an Italian statesman, condottiero, and admiral, who played a key role in the Republic of Genoa during his lifetime.
The action of 3 October 1624 was a naval engagement that took place near San Pietro Island, Sardinia, during the war against the Barbary corsairs. A squadron of galleys from the Spain, Grand Duchy of Tuscany and Papal States under Diego Pimentel engaged a squadron of six Algerian ships under Azan Calafate. The Algerians were defeated, their flagship was destroyed, and four ships were captured. Also, the Christian slaves they owned were freed.
The raid on La Goulette of 1615 was a naval attack by Spanish Ensign Francisco de Rivera on La Goulette, the main port of Ottoman Tunisia. After chasing Barbary pirates from Sicily to La Goulette, Rivera entered their harbor and captured several ships before escaping.
The Battle of Djerba took place in May 1560 near the island of Djerba, Tunisia. The Ottomans under Piyale Pasha's command overwhelmed a large joint Christian alliance fleet, composed chiefly of Spanish, Papal, Genoese, Maltese, and Neapolitan forces. The allies lost 27 galleys and some smaller vessels as well as the fortified island of Djerba. This victory marked perhaps the high point of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean Sea.
The Ottoman expedition to Messina in 1613 was an attempt by the Ottoman Empire to deliver a disguised attack in the port of Messina, in the Spanish viceroyalty of Sicily. Due to the spywork of Viceroy Pedro Téllez-Girón, Duke of Osuna, the expedition was discovered and its members were captured or killed almost in their totality.
The Battle of Cape Celidonia took place on 14 July 1616 during the Ottoman–Habsburg struggle for the control of the Mediterranean. During its course, a small Spanish fleet owned by Viceroy of Naples Pedro Téllez-Girón, Duke of Osuna, under the command of Francisco de Rivera, was attacked by an Ottoman fleet that vastly outnumbered it while cruising off Cyprus. Despite this, the Spanish ships, mostly galleons, managed to repel the Ottomans, whose fleet consisted mainly of galleys, inflicting heavy losses.
The capture of Mahdia was an amphibious military operation that took place from June to September, 1550, during the struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Habsburgs for the control of the Mediterranean. A Spanish naval expedition under the command of the Genoese condottiero and admiral Andrea Doria and the Spaniard Bernardino de Mendoza, supported by the Knights of Malta under their Grand Master Claude de la Sengle, besieged and captured the Ottoman stronghold of Mahdia or Mahdiye, defended by the Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis, known as Dragut, who was using the place as a base for his piratical activities throughout the Spanish and Italian coasts. Mahdia was abandoned by Spain three years later, and all its fortifications were demolished to avoid a re-occupation of the city by the Ottomans.
The First Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar was a naval engagement that took place on 24 April 1590 during the Anglo-Spanish War. Ten English armed merchant vessels of the Levant Company were met and intercepted by twelve Spanish galleys under Pedro de Acuña in the service of Spain in the region of the Gibraltar Straits. English sources claim that the English were able to repel the galleys inflicting heavy losses after a six-hour fight, while Spanish sources show the battle as indecisive.
The Battle of Girolata was a naval action fought between Genoese, Spanish, and Ottoman ships on 15 June 1540 in the Gulf of Girolata, on the west coast of the island of Corsica, amidst the war between Charles V of Spain and Suleiman the Magnificent. A Spanish squadron of 21 galleys led by the Genoese Gianettino Doria and the Spaniard Berenguer de Requesens surprised an Ottoman squadron of 11 galleys, anchored at Girolata, led by the Ottoman admiral Dragut, whom the commander of the Ottoman Navy, Hayreddin Barbarossa, had committed to raid the Italian coast after his victories in the Adriatic Sea the year before. As the crews of the Ottoman warships were ashore, distributing the booty from recent raids, the Spanish-Genoese fleet easily overtook them, taking all 11 Ottoman galleys and making 1,200 prisoners, among them Dragut, who was carried to Genoa and put, together with his captains, to row in Andrea Doria's galleys.
The Battle of Pianosa was a naval engagement which took place on 25 April 25, 1519, when a Genoese fleet severely defeated the flotilla of the Tunisia-based Barbary corsair Kaid Ali in the Tyrrhenian Sea, in view of the island of Elba. The battle broke the back of one of the rising corsair bases on the Barbary Coast, Bizerte, and established Andrea Doria as among the foremost captains in the Mediterranean.
The Raid on Constantinople of 1616 was a Spanish raid on Constantinople, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. It was performed by Ottavio d'Aragona on the orders of Viceroy of Naples Pedro Téllez-Girón, Duke of Osuna.
Ottavio d'Aragona Taglivia (1565-1623) was a Sicilian nobleman in the service of the Hispanic Monarchy. He served under Viceroy of Naples and Sicily Pedro Téllez-Girón, Duke of Osuna as a highly successful naval commander.
Francisco de Rivera y Medina (1582–1646) was a Spanish naval commander. He had a successful career under Pedro Téllez-Girón, Duke of Osuna, acheving international fame for his victory over a vastly larger Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Cape Celidonia.
The raid on La Goulette of 1617 was a naval attack by Sicilian-Spanish captain Ottavio d'Aragona on La Goulette, the port of Ottoman Tunisia, where he destroyed the fleet in port in response to acts of local Barbary pirates.
The Ottoman expedition to Messina in 1613 was an attempt by the Ottoman Empire to deliver a disguised attack in the port of Messina, in the Spanish viceroyalty of Sicily. Due to the spywork of Viceroy Pedro Téllez-Girón, Duke of Osuna, the expedition was discovered and its members were captured or killed almost in their totality.
The Constantinople slave rebellion of 1618 was an uprising of Christian slaves in the capital of the Ottoman Empire, Constantinople, headed by enslaved Spanish soldiers. The revolt concluded with parts of the city damaged in a fire started by the Spanish, who escaped the city in captured galleys at the head of 2,000 insurgents after burning the Ottoman armada in port. They became an unofficial privateer fleet on their way back to Christian territories in Italy, ultimately dismebarking in Malta and scattering in the Spanish viceroyalties of Sicily and Naples.
The Battle of the Gulf of Tunis was a naval battle between a Spanish and Maltese galley fleet, commanded by Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides, Marquis of Santa Cruz, and a Barbary corsair flotilla captained by Ali Arraez Rabazin.
The Battle of the Dalmatian Coast of 1624 was a naval battle between a Spanish, Genoese and Maltese fleet captained by Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides, Marquis of Santa Cruz and a Barbary corsair fleet from Tunis and Algiers, originally pursued by him before the previous Battle of the Gulf of Tunis. It resulted in a Christian victory.
The Battle of Palermo of 1624 was a naval battle between Hispano-Maltese fleet led by Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides and a Barbary corsair fleet from Tunisia and Algiers.
Spanish Empire 
Republic of Genoa 
Grand Duchy of Tuscany 
Order of St. John 
Ottoman Empire 
Eyalet of Tunis 
Regency of Algiers 
Mahomet Escabrig