| Siege of Bayana | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Thankar fort | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Ghurid Empire | Jadaun Rajputs | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Muhammad of Ghor Qutb ud-Din Aibak | Kumarpala  | ||||||
The Siege of Bayana was a military expedition of Ghurid Empire under the command of Muhammed Ghor against Jadaun Rajputs that commenced in 1196 during which the Ghurids defeated the Rajputs and conquered Bayana. [1] [2] Ghurids besieged Thankar fort and Kumarapala, the king of Jadaun Rajputs surrendered. [3] [4] [5]
Muhammed Ghor, along with his commander Qutb-uddin Aibak invaded and conquered Bayana in 1196. They besieged Thankar fort. After having high Casualties, Kumarpala, the King of Jadaun Rajputs apparently surrendered to Muhammed Ghor. [3] [1]
Jauhar, sometimes spelled Jowhar or Juhar, was a Hindu Rajput practice of mass self-immolation by females, both adults and children, in the Indian subcontinent to avoid capture, enslavement and rape by Turko-Persian Islamic invaders when facing certain defeat during a war. Some reports of jauhar mention women committing self-immolation along with their children. This practice was historically observed in the northwest regions of India, with most famous jauhars in recorded history occurring during wars between Hindu Rajput kingdoms in Rajasthan and the opposing Turko-Persian Muslim armies. Jauhar was only performed during war, usually when there was no chance of victory. The term jauhar often connotes jauhar-immolation. Jauhar involved Hindu Rajput women committing suicide with their children and valuables in a massive fire, in order to avoid capture and abuse in the face of inescapable military defeat. At the same time or shortly thereafter, the men would ritualistically march to the battlefield expecting certain death, which in the regional tradition is called saka. This practice was intended to show that those committing it valued their honor more highly than their lives.
Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad ibn Sam, also known as Muhammad of Ghor or Muhammad Ghori, was a ruler from the Ghurid dynasty based in the Ghor region of what is today central Afghanistan who ruled from 1173 to 1206. Muhammad and his elder brother Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad ruled in a dyarchy until the latter's death in 1203. Ghiyath al-Din, the senior partner, governed the western Ghurid regions from his capital at Firozkoh whereas Muhammad extended Ghurid rule eastwards, laying the foundation of Islamic rule in South Asia, which lasted after him for nearly half a millennium under evolving Muslim dynasties.
Qutb ud-Din Aibak, was a general of the Ghurid emperor Muhammad Ghori. He was in charge of the Ghurid territories in northern India, and after Muhammad Ghori's assassination in 1206, he established the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526), and started the Mamluk dynasty, which would rule the Sultanate until 1290.
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The Ghurid dynasty was a Persianate dynasty of presumably eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215. The Ghurids were centered in the hills of the Ghor region in the present-day central Afghanistan, where they initially started out as local chiefs. They gradually converted to Sunni Islam after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The Ghurids eventually overran the Ghaznavids when Muhammad of Ghor seized Lahore and expelled the Ghaznavids from their last stronghold.
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Karauli State was a princely state in the north eastern edge of modern day Rajasthan, India from 1348 to 1949. It is located in the cultural Braj region. Karauli city was the capital while Mandrayal or Mandrail was another important town.
The Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura were a 13th-century Indian dynasty. They ruled the area around their capital Ranastambhapura (Ranthambore) in present-day Rajasthan, initially as vassals of the Delhi Sultanate, and later gained independence. They belonged to the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan of the Rajputs, and are also known as Chauhans of Ranthambore in vernacular Rajasthani bardic literature.
The Battle of Bayana or the Siege of Bayana was a military conflict between the Rajput Confederacy under Rana Sanga on one side and Afghan of Bayana under Nizam Khan and Mughal advance guard, led by Abdul Aziz on other side.
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The Ghurid campaigns in India were a series of invasions for 31 years (1175–1206) by the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor in the last quarter of the twelfth and early decade of the thirteenth century which lead to the widespread expansion of the Ghurid empire in the Indian subcontinent.
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The Battle of Kasahrada (1197) was fought on 4 February 1197 between the Ghurid forces led by their slave-lieutenant Qutubuddin Aibak and the Rajput forces led by Chaulukya ruler Bhima. It was fought in the present-day state of Rajasthan at Kasahrada, which is at foot of Mount Abu in the southern Aravali hills. Qutubuddin forces secured a decisive victory and sacked Anhilwara, thereby avenging the defeat of his master Muhammad of Ghor at the same site two decades earlier.
The siege of Gwalior was a military expedition of The Ghurid Dynasty aganist the Kachchhapaghata dynasty in 1196. The Ghurids under Qutb ud-Din Aibak captured Gwalior after defeating Sulakshanapala, the King of Kachchhapaghata. Sulakshanapala surrendered to Aibak, which led to the complete end of Rajput Kachchhapaghata dynasty
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