| Siege of Bayana | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Thankar fort | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Ghurid Empire | Jadaun Rajputs | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Muhammad of Ghor Qutb ud-Din Aibak | Kumarpala  | ||||||
The siege of Bayana was a military expedition of Ghurid Empire under the command of Muhammed Ghor against Jadaun Rajputs that commenced in 1196 during which the Ghurids defeated the Rajputs and conquered Bayana. [1] [2] Ghurids besieged Thankar fort and Kumarapala, the king of Jadaun Rajputs surrendered. [3] [4] [5]
Muhammed Ghor, along with his commander Qutb-uddin Aibak invaded and conquered Bayana in 1196. They besieged Thankar fort. After having high Casualties, Kumarpala, the King of Jadaun Rajputs apparently surrendered to Muhammed Ghor. [3] [1]
Jauhar, sometimes spelled Jowhar or Juhar, was a Hindu Rajput practice of mass self-immolation by women and girls in the Indian subcontinent to avoid capture, enslavement, and rape by invaders when facing certain defeat during a war. Some reports of jauhar mention women committing self-immolation along with their children. This practice was historically observed in the northwest regions of India, with most famous jauhars in recorded history occurring during wars between Hindu Rajput kingdoms in Rajasthan and the opposing Muslim armies. Jauhar was only performed during war, usually when there was no chance of victory. The term jauhar often connotes jauhar-immolation. Jauhar involved Hindu Rajput women committing suicide with their children and valuables in a massive fire, in order to avoid capture and abuse in the face of inescapable military defeat. At the same time or shortly thereafter, the men would ritualistically march to the battlefield expecting certain death, which in the regional tradition is called saka. This practice was intended to show that those committing it valued their honor more highly than their lives.
Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam, also known as Muhammad of Ghor or Muhammad Ghori, was a ruler from the Ghurid dynasty based in the Ghor region of what is today central Afghanistan who ruled from 1173 to 1206. Muhammad and his elder brother Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad ruled in a dyarchy until the latter's death in 1203. Ghiyath al-Din, the senior partner, governed the western Ghurid regions from his capital at Firozkoh whereas Muhammad extended Ghurid rule eastwards, laying the foundation of Islamic rule in South Asia, which lasted after him for nearly half a millennium under evolving Muslim dynasties.
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The Ghurid dynasty was a Persianate dynasty of eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215. The Ghurids were centered in the hills of the Ghor region in the present-day central Afghanistan, where they initially started out as local chiefs. They gradually converted to Sunni Islam after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The Ghurids eventually overran the Ghaznavids when Muhammad of Ghor seized Lahore and expelled the Ghaznavids from their last stronghold.
Bayana is a historical town and the headquarters of Bayana tehsil in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. Hindaun City is nearest city of Bayana - 33 km. Bayana is also known as the city of 'Vansasur'. It was the site of famous Important Battle of Bayana in 1527 between Rajput ruler Rana Sanga ruler of Mewar and Mughal emperor Babur.
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The Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura were a 13th-century Indian dynasty. They ruled the area around their capital Ranastambhapura (Ranthambore) in present-day Rajasthan, initially as vassals of the Delhi Sultanate, and later gained independence. They belonged to the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan of the Rajputs, and are also known as Chauhans of Ranthambore in vernacular Rajasthani bardic literature.
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