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The Zayyanid dynasty or Abd al-Wadids was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria. The Zayyanid dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1557.
Abu Al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Othman, was a sultan of the Marinid dynasty who reigned in Morocco between 1331 and 1348. In 1333 he captured Gibraltar from the Castilians, although a later attempt to take Tarifa in 1339 ended in fiasco. In North Africa he extended his rule over Tlemcen and Hafsid Ifriqiya, which together covered the north of what is now Algeria and Tunisia. Under him the Marinid realms in the Maghreb briefly covered an area that rivalled that of the preceding Almohad Caliphate. However, he was forced to retreat due to a revolt of the Arab tribes, was shipwrecked, and lost many of his supporters. His son Abu Inan Faris seized power in Fez. Abu Al-Hasan died in exile in the High Atlas mountains.
Abu Inan Faris was a Marinid ruler of Morocco. He succeeded his father Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman in 1348. He extended his rule over Tlemcen and Ifriqiya, which covered the north of what is now Algeria and Tunisia, but was forced to retreat due to a revolt of Arab tribes there. He died, strangled by his vizier, in 1358.
Abu Sa'id Uthman II was the 9th Marinid sultan of Morocco, reigning from 1310 to 1331. A younger son of Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq, Abū Sa'īd 'Uthmān succeeded his nephew Abū al-Rabï' Sulaymān as Sultan of Morocco in November 1310, at the age of 33.
Abu Thabit 'Amir ibn Yusuf was a Marinid ruler of Morocco for around a year. Son or grandson of Abu Yaqub Yusuf, whom he succeeded in 1307.
Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr was a Marinid ruler of Morocco. He was the son of Abu Yusuf Ya'qub, whom he succeeded in 1286. His mother was a sharifa, Lalla Oum'el'Iz bint Mohammed al-Alaoui. He was assassinated in 1307.
Abu Muhammad ar-Rashid Abd al-Wahid was an Almohad caliph who reigned from 1232 until his death.
Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid was an Almohad caliph who reigned from 1242 until his death. He was a son of Idris al-Ma'mun.
Abu Idris al-Wathiq, known as Abu Dabbus, was the last Almohad caliph who reigned in Marrakesh from 1266 until his death.
Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid was a son of the Marinid sultan of Morocco, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman. Although he had lost an eye, Malik was a capable military commander and served as governor of Algeciras and the Marinids' principal general in Al Andalus. He captured Gibraltar from Castile in June 1333 and participated in his father's campaign against rebels in the Kingdom of Tlemcen the following year. He was killed by Castilian forces in 1339 after being ambushed on the way back from a raid against the Castilian-held town of Jerez de la Frontera.
The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen was a kingdom ruled by the Berber Zayyanid dynasty in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached Sijilmasa and the Moulouya River in the west, Tuat to the south and the Soummam in the east.
Abu Zayyan (I) Muhammad ibn Abi Said Uthman ibn Yaghmurasan, known as Abu Zayyan I, was the third Zayyanid Sultan of the Kingdom of Tlemcen. He succeeded his father Abu Said Uthman I on June 6, 1304.
Abu Said Uthman I, or "Othmane Ibn Yaghmoracen", or in Algerian arabic, ruled the Zenata Berber Kingdom of Tlemcen in Medieval Algeria from 1283 to 1303.
Abu Tashufin I, was the 5th Sultan of the Zayyanid dynasty ruling the Kingdom of Tlemcen, in medieval Algeria.
The siege of Tlemcen from 1299 to 1307 designates all of the operations undertaken by the army of the Marinid sultan, Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr to seize the city of Tlemcen, the capital of the Zayyanid Kingdom, during the conflict between the Kingdom of Tlemcen and the Marinids. The siege was lifted following the assassination of the Marinid Sultan.
The Zayyanid capture of Fez took place in 1423 and was led by Abu Malik Abdulwahid, the ruler of Tlemcen. He succeeded in briefly installing his own client king on the Marinid throne in Fez, before being defeated the following year by the Hafsid sultan of Tunis.
The Battle of Oujda occurred when the Almohad Caliph, supported by the Marinids, directed an offensive against the Zayyanids.
The Tashfiniya Madrasa, is a former madrasa in the city of Tlemcen, Algeria. Built in the early 14th century by the Zayyanid ruler Abu Tashfin I, it was a major monument in the city and was celebrated for its rich architectural decoration. It was demolished by the French colonial authorities in 1876.
Zayyanid architecture originated in the Kingdom of Tlemcen between the 13th and 16th centuries in the northwestern region of present-day Algeria. It is a continuation of the western Islamic architectural traditions, often known as the "Hispano-Moresque style," with elements that were further developed to create distinctive designs lasting for centuries. This architectural style was significantly influenced by the Almohad Caliphate and Andalusian architecture, resulting in a lasting heritage of Moorish architectural achievements.
The Zayyanid-Almohad wars (1236–1248), also known as the Tlemcen-Almohad wars, were a series of conflicts that occurred between the Zayyanid dynasty, rulers of the Kingdom of Tlemcen in present-day Algeria, and the Almohad Caliphate, a North African Berber-Muslim empire that existed from the 12th to the 13th centuries. These wars took place during the Almohad period and were primarily fought over territorial control and influence in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
References
- ↑ Louis Piesse, , Hachette, 31 décembre 1862, 511 p.
- ↑ Julien, Charles André (1994). Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord : des origines à 1830. Paris: Payot. ISBN 2-228-88789-7. OCLC 32160417.
- 1 2 Montagnon, Pierre (2006). Histoire de l'Algérie : des origines à nos jours. Paris: Pygmalion. ISBN 2-7564-0055-6. OCLC 717550444.