Siege of Tunis (1694)

Last updated
Siege of Tunis
Part of the Tunisian-Algerian War (1694)
DateAugust-November 1694 [1]
Location 36°48′23″N10°10′54″E / 36.80639°N 10.18167°E / 36.80639; 10.18167
Result Algerian victory
Territorial
changes
Tunis becomes a beylik of Algiers
Belligerents
Flag of Algiers.jpg Regency of Algiers Tunisian flag till 1831.svg Tunisia
Commanders and leaders
Flag of Algiers.jpg Hadj Chabane
Flag of Algiers.jpg Mohammed ben Cheker
Tunisian flag till 1831.svg Mohammed Bey
Strength

7,600 troops: [2]

  • 2,000 infantry
  • 2,000 cavalry
  • 400 janissaries
  • 3,200 other
15,000 infantry [3]
600 horses
Tunisia adm location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Siege of Tunis
Location within Tunisia

The siege of Tunis was a siege fought in 1694, between the Deylik of Algiers, and Muradid Tunis, during the Tunisian-Algerian War of 1694.

Contents

Background

The Tunisian prince Mohammed ben Cheker asked the dey of Algiers, at the time Hadj Chabane, [4] for help in order to make himself Bey of Tunis. The dey of Algiers accepted his proposal, invaded Tunisia in 1694, [5] and defeated the Tunisian army at the Battle of Kef on June 24. Chabane then marched on Tunis, where Mohammed Bey el-Mouradi took refuge after his defeat. [6] The goal of Chabane was to make Tunis a simple governorate (Beylik) in a similar fashion to the other Beyliks of Algeria, such as the Beylik of Constantine.

Siege

The Algerian army a arrived in front of Tunis in August and started the siege. Despite the efforts of the Tunisian defenders, Tunis fell after 3 months, and the Algerians plundered the city on 12 November 1694, and Tunis fell under the control of the Dey of Algiers, with administration by Chaabane Khodja and Ben Cheker. [7]

Ben Cheker became t he Bey of Tunis forcing Mohammed Bey el-Mouradi to flee to Chios or the Sahara. [8]

Aftermath

Mohammed Bey el-Mouradi fled to Chios or the Sahara and Ben Cheker reigned over Tunis for six months as a governor for Algiers, but his reign was tyrannical and led the Tunisians to appeal to Mohammed Bey el-Mouradi in exile The latter defeated Ben Cheker On May 1, 1695 at the Battle of Merguellil, near Kairouan, and made himself bey of Tunis again. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regency of Algiers</span> 1516–1830 Autonomous Ottoman State in North Africa

The Regency of Algiers was a largely independent early modern Ottoman tributary state on the Barbary Coast of North Africa between 1516 and 1830 established by the corsair brothers Aruj and Hayreddin Barbarossa, also known as Oruç and Khayr ad-Din. The Regency was an infamous and formidable pirate base that plundered and waged maritime holy war on European Christian powers. Ottoman regents ruled it as heads of a military oligarchy of janissaries and corsairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohamed Bey El Mouradi</span> Bey of Tunis

Mohamed Bey El Mouradi was a Muradid leader and Bey of Tunis from 1675 until his death in 1696. He was the eldest son of Murad II Bey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Revolutions of Tunis</span> 1675–1705 period of civil wars in Ottoman Tunisia

The Revolutions of Tunis or the Muradid War of Succession was a period of troubles and civil wars in Ottoman Tunisia. It ran from the death of the Muradid sovereign Murad II Bey in 1675 until the seizure of power by the Husainid sovereign Al-Husayn I ibn Ali at-Turki in 1705. The belligerents were Ali Bey al-Muradi and Muhammad Bey al-Muradi, their uncle Muhammad al-Hafsi al-Muradi, several Deys of Tunis, the Turkish militia in Tunis and the Dey of Algiers.

François-Louis-Marcelin Beaussier was a 19th-century French military man and orientalist.

The Dey of Tunis was the military commander of the janissaries in the regency of Tunis. In the seventeenth century the holders of the position exercised varying degrees of power, often near-absolute. Until 1591 the Dey was appointed by the Ottoman governor (“Pasha”). In 1673 the Dey and the janissaries revolted against Murad II Bey and were defeated. After this the hereditary position of Bey was pre-eminent in Tunis. The position of Dey continued to exist until it was abolished by Sadok Bey in 1860.

The Battle of Chelif or Battle of Djidouia took place on 28 April 1701 on the banks of the Chelif River. It was fought between the armies of the Alaouite Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif and those of the Regency of Algiers commanded by the Bey of Mascara, Mustapha Bouchelaghem. It took place in the context of an attempt by the Alaouites to conquer the west of the Regency of Algiers, coordinated with an offensive by Tunis on the east of the Regency of Algiers in 1700 and 1701.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Moulouya</span> 1692 battle

The Battle of Moulouya took place in May 1692 at a ford on the Moulouya river in Morocco. It was fought between the armies of the Alawi sultan Moulay Ismail and those of the Dey of Algiers Hadj Chabane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Franco-Algerian war (1681–1688)</span>

The French-Algerian War of 1681–1688 was part of a wider campaign by France against the Barbary Pirates in the 1680s.

The Ministry of the Pen was a ministerial position in Tunisia between 1860 and the end of the monarchical regime in 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tunisian–Algerian War (1694)</span> Conflict between Regency of Tunis and Deylik of Algiers (1694)

The Tunisian–Algerian war of 1694 was a conflict between the Deylik of Algiers, and the Regency of Tunis.

The Maghrebi war (1699–1702) was a conflict involving a Tunisian, Tripolitanian, and Moroccan coalition, and the Deylik of Algiers. It was an important milestone in the further weakening of the already fragile Ottoman grip over the Maghreb, as both sides utterly ignored the Ottoman sultan's pleas to sign a peace treaty. This war also led to the renewal of the Muradid infighting, which would later lead to the establishment of the Beylik of Tunis, and the Husainid dynasty in 1705.

The Constantine campaign was launched by Bey of Tunis Murad III Bey in 1699 to capture the Beylik of Constantine, situated in the east of the Deylik of Algiers.

The Battle of Kef was fought in 1694, between the Deylik of Algiers, and Muradid Tunis, during the Tunisian-Algerian War of 1694.

The Capture of Tunis was a military operation led by the Bey of Constantine during which he seized Tunis and made the Beylik of Tunis a tributary of Algiers.

Mohammed ben Othman, also known as Mohammed el Kebir was the bey of the Western Beylik from 1776 to 1796. He is best-known for re-conquering Oran and Mers El Kébir from the Spaniards. He was known as a reformist.

The Mascara campaign of 1699–1701 was launched by Moulay Zidan, son of the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail, to capture the Beylik of Mascara, situated in the west of the Deylik of Algiers. This episode reopened the hostilities between the Sherifian Empire and the Regency of Algiers.

The Tunisian–Algerian War of 1705 was a conflict between the Regency of Algiers and the Regency of Tunis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadj Ahmed Chabane</span> 4th Dey of Algiers (1688-1695)

Hadj Ahmed Chabane Dey was the fourth Dey of Algiers. He ruled from 1688 to 1695, and was the first member of the Algerian Janissary Odjak to ever assume this position. Under his leadership, Algeria enjoyed good relations with France. His military campaigns against Morocco and Tunis were successful. However, his enemies turned his Eastern army against him; he was removed from power and executed.

History of the Regency of Algiers includes political, economic and military events in the Regency of Algiers from its founding in 1516 to the French invasion of 1830. The Regency of Algiers was a largely independent tributary state of the Ottoman Empire. Founded by the corsair brothers Aruj and Khayr ad-Din Barbarossa, it became involved in numerous armed conflicts with European powers, and was an important pirate base notorious for Barbary corsairs.

References

  1. Plantet, Eugène (1893). "Correspondance des Beys de Tunis et des consuls de France avec la Cour: 1577-1830".
  2. Plantet, Eugène (1893). "Correspondance des Beys de Tunis et des consuls de France avec la Cour: 1577-1830".
  3. Plantet, Eugène (1893). "Correspondance des Beys de Tunis et des consuls de France avec la Cour: 1577-1830".
  4. Mahfoud Kaddache, L'Algérie des Algériens, p. 411.
  5. Perkins, Kenneth J. (2016-10-12). Historical Dictionary of Tunisia. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-1-4422-7318-4.
  6. Delmas, Henri (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque (1515-1830). Paris. p. 265.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. Alphonse Rousseau, Annales tunisiennes ou aperçu historique sur la régence de Tunis (Bastide, 1864)
  8. Guellouz, Azzedine; Smida, Mongi; Masmoudi, Abdelkader; Saadoui, Ahmed (2010). Histoire générale de la Tunisie (in French). Tunis. pp. 78–79. ISBN   978-9973-84-476-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. Plantet, Eugène (1893). Correspondance des Beys de Tunis et des consuls de France avec la Cour: 1577-1830 (in French). F. Alcan.