The Sierra Gorda Territory (Spanish : Territorio de Sierra Gorda) was a federal territory of Mexico. It existed between 1853 and 1857.[ citation needed ] [1]
The Sierra Gorda Territory (Spanish : Territorio de Sierra Gorda) was a federal territory of Mexico. It existed between 1853 and 1857.[ citation needed ] [1]
On 1 December 1853, the territory was established by president Antonio López de Santa Anna, and consisted of the Sierra Gorda, which forms part of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The states of Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, and Guanajuato ceded area for the creation of the territory. The capital was San Luis de la Paz, and comprised the municipalities of San José Iturbide, Victoria, Santa Catarina, Tierra Blanca, Xichú, Atarjea, San Ciro de Acosta, Tierranueva and San Luis de la Paz. [1]
With the proclamation of the Constitution of 1857, two years after the fall of Santa Anna, the territory was dissolved.[ citation needed ]
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The Sierra Gorda is an ecological region centered on the northern third of the Mexican state of Querétaro and extending into the neighboring states of Guanajuato, Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí. Within Querétaro, the ecosystem extends from the center of the state starting in parts of San Joaquín and Cadereyta de Montes municipalities and covering all of the municipalities of Peñamiller, Pinal de Amoles, Jalpan de Serra, Landa de Matamoros and Arroyo Seco, for a total of 250 km2 of territory. The area is extremely rugged with high steep mountains and deep canyons. As part of the Huasteca Karst, it also contains many formations due to erosion of limestone, especially pit caves known locally as sótanos. The area is valued for its very wide diversity of plant and animal life, which is due to the various microenvironments created by the ruggedness of the terrain and wide variation in rainfall. This is due to the mountains’ blocking of moisture coming in from the Gulf of Mexico, which generally makes the east side fairly moist and the west semiarid scrub brush. Most of the region has been protected in two biosphere reserves, with the one centered in Querétaro established in 1997 and the one centered in Guanajuato established in 2007. The Sierra Gorda is considered to be the far west of the La Huasteca region culturally and it is home to the Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda World Heritage Site.
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