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Genocide is the attempted destruction of a people, usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word γένος with the Latin suffix -caedo.
The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) is an American federal institution tasked with promoting conflict resolution and prevention worldwide. It provides research, analysis, and training to individuals in diplomacy, mediation, and other peace-building measures.
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust. Adjacent to the National Mall in Washington, D.C., the USHMM provides for the documentation, study, and interpretation of Holocaust history. It is dedicated to helping leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
Dr. James E. Waller is a Holocaust and Genocide Studies professor at Keene State College located in Keene, New Hampshire.
"A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide (2002) is a book by American Samantha Power, at that time Professor of Human Rights Practice at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, which explores the United States's understanding of, response to, and inaction on genocides in the 20th century, from the Armenian genocide to the "ethnic cleansings" of the Kosovo War. It won the J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize and the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 2003.
This is the bibliography and reference section for the Darfur conflict series. External links to reports, news articles and other sources of information may also be found below.
Scott Straus is an American political scientist currently serving as a Professor of Political Science and International Studies at University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States. He studied for a BA in English at Dartmouth College and received his PhD from University of California, Berkeley on the Rwandan genocide. His research focuses on genocide, violence, human rights and African politics. He was previously a freelance journalist based in Africa, and in 2000 was a Visiting Fellow at Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He is the 2018 winner of the Grawemeyer Award for Ideas for Improving World Order for his book Making and Unmaking Nations: War, Leadership, and Genocide in Modern Africa.
Barbara Harff is Professor of Political Science Emerita at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. In 2003 and again in 2005 she was a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Clark University. Her research focuses on the causes, risks, and prevention of genocidal violence.
The Center for the Study of Genocide and Human Rights (CGHR) is a non-profit organization based at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. The Center seeks to enhance the understanding of genocide, political violence, and protracted conflict and related mechanisms for their prevention and resolution. With an interdisciplinary faculty of over 40 distinguished scholars from all three Rutgers campuses, and support from an internationally renowned advisory board and network of affiliated scholars/ professionals the Center has a broad base of partnerships across the United States and the globe. CGHR is led by founder and Director Alexander Hinton and Associate Director Nela Navarro.
The Sentinel Project for Genocide Prevention is an international non-governmental organisation based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with approximately 60 members in North America. Its mission is "to prevent the crime of genocide worldwide through effective early warning and cooperation with victimized peoples to carry out non-violent prevention initiatives." The Sentinel Project was founded in 2008 by two students, Taneem Talukdar and Christopher Tuckwood, at the University of Waterloo. In 2009, the Sentinel Project's approach was selected as a finalist in Google's 10 to the 100th competition for innovative social application of technology. This organization has been recognized as one of four active anti-genocide organizations based in Canada and is a member of the International Alliance to End Genocide, and the International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect.
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Prevention of genocide is any action that works toward averting future genocides. Genocides take a lot of planning, resources, and involved parties to carry out, they do not just happen instantaneously. Scholars in the field of genocide studies have identified a set of widely agreed upon risk factors that make a country or social group more at risk of carrying out a genocide, which include a wide range of political and cultural factors that create a context in which genocide is more likely, such as political upheaval or regime change, as well as psychological phenomena that can be manipulated and taken advantage of in large groups of people, like conformity and cognitive dissonance. Genocide prevention depends heavily on the knowledge and surveillance of these risk factors, as well as the identification of early warning signs of genocide beginning to occur.
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Holocaust education is efforts, in either formal and non-formal settings, to teach about the Holocaust. Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust addresses didactics and learning, under the larger umbrella of education about the Holocaust, which also comprises curricula and textbooks studies. The expression "Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust" is used by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance.
"Never again" is a phrase or slogan which is associated with the Holocaust and other genocides. The phrase may originate from a 1927 poem by Yitzhak Lamdan which stated "Never again shall Masada fall!" In the context of genocide, the slogan was used by liberated prisoners at Buchenwald concentration camp to express anti-fascist sentiment. The exact meaning of the phrase is debated, including whether it should be used as a particularistic command to avert a second Holocaust of Jews or whether it is a universalist injunction to prevent all forms of genocide. It was adopted as a slogan by Meir Kahane's Jewish Defense League.
Gregory S. Gordon is an American scholar of international law and a former genocide prosecutor during the Media Case at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Gordon is known for his advocacy of the criminalization under international law of a broader category of speech likely to cause mass atrocities, and his book Atrocity Speech Law in which he advances this argument.
References
- ↑ "About the Center for the Prevention of Genocide". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Herr, Alexis (July 29, 2013). "New Name, Same Aim: The Committee on Conscience becomes the Center for the Prevention of Genocide". Assessing Atrocity. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Avila, Angel (March 13, 2013). "Make Your Pledge: Center for the Prevention of Genocide United States Holocaust Memorial Museum". Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- 1 2 Ulfelder, Jay (May 29, 2014). "Introducing A New Venue for Atrocities Early Warning" . Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ "Early Warning Project". Center for the Prevention of Genocide. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Ulfelder, Jay (April 7, 2012). "Building a Public Early-Warning System for Genocide and Mass Atrocities" . Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Landler, Mark (June 3, 2014). "Declassified U.N. Cables Reveal Turning Point in Rwanda Crisis of 1994". The New York Times . Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Rothstein, Edward (April 25, 2013). "Bystanders, Not So Innocent 'Some Were Neighbors,' at U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum". The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Abramowitz, Mike (April 25, 2013). "Who Will Stand Up for the Responsibility to Protect?". The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Benesch, Susan; Abramowitz, Michael (December 18, 2013). "A Prelude to Murder: Calling Humans Vermin. After a monk called them 'mad dogs,' a Buddhist mob killed 20 Muslims in Burma". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Lynch, Colum (May 1, 2014). "The U.S. Helped Create South Sudan. Can Washington Save It From Civil War?". Foreign Policy . Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ Lynch, Colum (December 19, 2013). "Can Samantha Power Wage a War on Atrocities in Central African Republic?". Foreign Policy . Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ↑ "Rwanda: Experts Carry Out Postmortem of Genocide Against the Tutsi". AllAfrica.com . June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
