The unusual three-letter initial from the section on Narbonensis is one indication that the manuscript was copied in Septimania
Situs orbis terre vel regionum is an anonymous Latin geographical treatise written sometime between the late 7th and early 9th centuries.[1] It was composed either in Septimania or the Iberian Peninsula, both part of the Visigothic Kingdom down to 711.[2] It is known from a single manuscript, now in Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 4841, where it occupies the first thirteen folios.[3] Certain features of the manuscript indicate that it was copied in Septimania in the Carolingian Empire around 842.[4]
The Situs was probably a schoolroom text, intended for an elementary level of instruction.[5][6] Several corrections and glosses in the margins of the manuscript indicate that the text did see use as intended, although only one copy survives.[7] Structurally, the work follows the outline of Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae, books XIII–XIV. It borrows his etymologies of names, but fills out its account with material taken from Orosius' History Against the Pagans.[8] It has a prologue (Praefatio) and ten chapters:[9][10]
The Freising manuscripts are the first Latin-script continuous text in a Slavic language and the oldest document in Slovene.
Pomponius Mela, who wrote around AD 43, was the earliest known Roman geographer. He was born in Tingentera and died c. AD 45.
Old High German is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050. Rather than representing a single supra-regional form of German, Old High German encompasses the numerous West Germanic dialects that had undergone the set of consonantal changes called the Second Sound Shift.
Dicuilus was a monk and geographer, born during the second half of the 8th century. Noble and Evans identify him as a Gael and suggest that he had probably spent time in the Hebrides.
Girart de Roussillon, also called Girard, Gérard II, Gyrart de Vienne, and Girart de Fraite, was a Frankish Burgundian leader who became Count of Paris in 837, and embraced the cause of Lothair I against Charles the Bald. He was a son of Leuthard I, Count of Fézensac and of Paris, and his wife Grimildis.
The Geography, also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire. Originally written by Claudius Ptolemy in Greek at Alexandria around AD 150, the work was a revision of a now-lost atlas by Marinus of Tyre using additional Roman and Persian gazetteers and new principles. Its translation into Arabic in the 9th century was highly influential on the geographical knowledge and cartographic traditions of the Islamic world. Alongside the works of Islamic scholars - and the commentary containing revised and more accurate data by Alfraganus - Ptolemy's work was subsequently highly influential on Medieval and Renaissance Europe.
The Chronicle of Fredegar is the conventional title used for a 7th-century Frankish chronicle that was probably written in Burgundy. The author is unknown and the attribution to Fredegar dates only from the 16th century.
Dhuoda was a Frankish writer, as well as Duchess consort of Septimania and Countess consort of Barcelona. She was the author of the Liber Manualis, a handbook written for her son.
Freculf, a Frankish ecclesiastic, diplomat and historian, was a pupil of the palace school of Aachen during the reign of Charlemagne and Bishop of Lisieux from about 824 until his death. He is now best remembered for his universal chronicle, the Twelve Books of Histories, which is a source of information about the conversion of Gaul and the history of the Franks. Chronicles such as that of Freculf attempted to show world history from Creation to the present, but most history writing in the eighth and ninth centuries was considerably more local and specific.
Galvano da Levanto or Galvanus de Levanto was a Genoese physician and writer. Devoutly religious, he may have joined the Third Order of Saint Francis. Having suffered medical and financial problems, he sought the patronage of King Philip IV of France and later Pope Boniface VIII and the Curia romana. He wrote prolifically on medical and theological topics, but his most famous work today is his crusade treatise.
Julius Honorius, also known as Julius Orator, was a teacher of geography during Late Antiquity.
Lochac, Locach or Locat is a country far south of China mentioned by Marco Polo. The name is widely believed to be a variant of Lo-huk 罗斛: the Cantonese name for the southern Thai kingdom of Lopburi, which was a province of the Khmer Empire at the time.
Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis is an early modern work on cosmography and Atlantic exploration written by the Portuguese geographer and navigator Duarte Pacheco Pereira.
Max Manitius was a German medievalist and Latin scholar.
A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, 768–900 is a book about Frankish medieval history by Arthur J. Zuckerman.
Fidentius of Padua was a Franciscan administrator and writer active in the Holy Land between 1266 and 1291. He wrote a tract on the Christian recovery and retention of the Holy Land.
Leidrad was the bishop of Lyon from 797 and its first archbishop from 804 until 814. He was a courtier of Charlemagne before he was a bishop. As bishop, he helped resolve the adoptionist controversy. He also began a programme of building and renovation in his diocese, turning Lyon into a centre of learning. Of his writings, two letters and a treatise on baptism survive.
The Annales de Terre Sainte is a series of brief annals of the Crusades and the Crusader states from the council of Clermont in 1095 until the fall of Acre in 1291. It is untitled in the manuscripts. Its modern title was coined by its 19th-century editors. The original is in Old French, but an Old Spanish translation is also known. For the thirteenth-century Crusades, it is a valuable and independent historical source.
Natalia Lozovsky is a medievalist and translator, whose research focuses on science and geography in the medieval period. She has also demonstrated how ninth and tenth century works on geography, often draw on other literary traditions, such as exegesis. She also writes on how classical knowledge of geography was received by medieval Christian scholarship. She has worked on the lives and writings of Isidore of Seville, Dicuil, Ravenna Cosmographer and Orosius, amongst others.
Anonymus Leidensis is the conventional designation of the anonymous author of the 9th-century Latin geographical treatise De situ orbis. It was written between 856 and 870, its title borrowed from a classical work of Pomponius Mela.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
