Sloan Water Technology

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Sloan Water Technology Ltd. is a UK company founded on the inventions of Timothy Leighton, the company's Executive General Director and Inventor-in-Chief.

Contents

Streams of work

In the late 1980s, Leighton [1] discovered a new ultrasonic signal [1] [2] [3] [4] that he identified as due to surface waves on the walls of gas bubbles in liquids. [5] [6] [7] Multidisciplinary research in the following 12 parallel streams of work [8] turned this discovery into Sloan Water Technology Ltd. Because Leighton's research was fundamental, in addition to leading to Sloan Water Technology Ltd., he generated impact by following this fundamental work into other applications. The 12 streams of work that he undertook that led to Sloan Water Technology Ltd. were:

  1. Theory of how to stimulate these surface waves; [9] [10]
  2. measurement of the liquid convection and shear generated by these surface waves [11] [12] [13] and the practical use that can be made of this; [14] [15]
  3. theory on how sound causes the bubbles to generate cracks; [12] [16] [17]
  4. theory for acoustics in porous materials (leading to the first theory, [18] and later follow-ups, [19] [20] [21] to show why passing ultrasound through different directions in the human ankle could monitor osteoporosis); [22] [23] [24]
  5. the world's first measurements of the bubble size distribution for industry and in the ocean surf zone, [25] [26] leading to ocean measurements necessary to predict the climatological significance of the transfer of carbon dioxide between atmosphere and ocean. [27] It also provided techniques for measurement in industrial pipelines [28] [29] which led to sensors for the oil and gas, [30] carbon capture and storage, [30] [31] [32] ceramics [33] and nuclear [34] [35] [36] industries.
  6. acoustic losses in water surrounded on all sides by air and containing microscopic natural particles; [37] [38] [39]
  7. acoustic propagation down straight columns of liquid with pressure release walls, and the effect of bubbles within such columns; [28]
  8. acoustic propagation down curved columns of fluid, and how horns could facilitate this [40] [41] [42] (and what this tells us about voices on other worlds!); [43] [44]
  9. use of acoustic pulses to enhance bubble activity, [12] [45] [46] and the mechanisms by which this could impact biomedical processes; [47] [48] [49]
  10. controlled bubble generation; [50]
  11. how these bubbles affect living cells [12] [51]
  12. the practical application of the technology to cleaning surfaces contaminated with dental bacteria, [52] protein [53] marine biofoulant, [54] 'leaves on the line' [55] and other contaminants. [56] [50]

These 12 streams of fundamental research represented the knowledge on which Sloan Water Technology Ltd. was founded. [57]

History

Having purchased Leighton's patent suite from the University of Southampton in 2018, the Allen family chose to name the new R&D facilities 'The Leighton Laboratories', [58] consisting of physical science labs, mechanical engineering and electronic engineering labs, workshops, and microbiology and tissue laboratories, co-locating multiple disciplines as Professor Leighton had advocated to address unsolved problems of a societal scale (food and water security, anti-microbial resistance). [59] [60] The company is currently producing technology for cleaning and changing surfaces using only cold water, air bubbles and sound (without chemicals [61] or drugs). [62] [15] [14] This reduces the use of water and electricity, [63] reduces pollution and has run-off that is easier to convert back to drinking water, and reduces the threat of 'superbugs'. [64] [60]

Key inventions

Sloan Water Technology Ltd. has invented technology for cleaning surgical instruments [65] [66] Food cleaning inventions have been developed for salad (which cannot be sterilized by heat treatment, and each year results in serious illness and even death from E. Coli contamination) [67] [68] and hay (to reduce respiratory illness contracted through animal feed). [69] In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, when it was not known if the transmission route was airborne or through touch surfaces, Sloan Water Technology developed devices to clean touch surfaces. [70] Sloan Water Technology's most significant product is aimed at reducing the suffering from chronic wounds, which cause huge suffering and costs the UK NHS over £5-billion per year. [71] [72]

References

  1. 1 2 Leighton, T.G., Lingard, R.J., Walton, A.J. and Field, J.E. (1991). "Acoustic bubble sizing by the combination of subharmonic emissions with an imaging frequency" (PDF). Ultrasonics. 29 (4): 319–323. doi:10.1016/0041-624X(91)90029-8.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ Leighton T.G. (1994). "Acoustic bubble detection. I. The detection of stable gas bodies" (PDF). Environmental Engineering. 7: 9–16.
  3. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Phelps, A.D., Ramble, D.G. and Sharpe, D.A. (1996). "Comparison of the abilities of eight acoustic techniques to detect and size a single bubble" (PDF). Ultrasonics. 34 (6): 661–667. doi:10.1016/0041-624X(96)00053-4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Ramble, D.G. and Phelps, A.D (1997). "The detection of tethered and rising bubbles using multiple acoustic techniques" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 101 (5): 2626–2635. Bibcode:1997ASAJ..101.2626L. doi:10.1121/1.418503. S2CID   121963740.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Phelps, A.D. and Leighton, T.G. (1996). "High-resolution bubble sizing through detection of the subharmonic response with a two frequency excitation technique" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 99 (4): 1985–1992. Bibcode:1996ASAJ...99.1985P. doi:10.1121/1.415385. S2CID   123164654.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Phelps, A.D. and Leighton, T.G. (1997). "The subharmonic oscillations and combination-frequency emissions from a resonant bubble: their properties and generation mechanisms" (PDF). Acta Acustica. 83: 59–66.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ Ramble D.G., Phelps, A.D. and Leighton, T.G. (1998). "On the relation between surface waves on a bubble and the subharmonic combination-frequency emission" (PDF). Acustica with Acta Acustica. 84 (5): 986–988.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Leighton, T. G. (2020). "From research to engagement to translation: Words are cheap. Part 2 - a case study". Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing. 98 (5): 217–220. doi: 10.1080/00202967.2020.1805187 . S2CID   221666813.
  9. ↑ Maksimov, A.O. and Leighton, T.G. (2001). "Transient processes near the threshold of acoustically driven bubble shape oscillations" (PDF). Acta Acustica. 87 (3): 322–332.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Maksimov, A.O. and Leighton, T.G. (2012). "Pattern formation on the surface of a bubble driven by an acoustic field" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 468 (2137): 57–75. Bibcode:2012RSPSA.468...57M. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2011.0366 . S2CID   119852707.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ Leighton, T.G. (2004). "From seas to surgeries, from babbling brooks to baby scans: The acoustics of gas bubbles in liquids" . International Journal of Modern Physics. 18 (25): 3267–3314. doi:10.1142/s0217979204026494.
  12. 1 2 3 4 The Acoustic Bubble. By Timothy G. Leighton Academic Press, 1994. 613 pp. ISBN   0124124984
  13. ↑ Leighton, T. G. (2007). "What is ultrasound?". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 93 (1–3): 3–83. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.07.026 . PMID   17045633.
  14. 1 2 Leighton, T.G. (2016). The acoustic bubble: Oceanic bubble acoustics and ultrasonic cleaning. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics. Vol. 24. p. 070006. doi: 10.1121/2.0000121 .
  15. 1 2 Leighton, T. G. (1 January 2017). "The acoustic bubble: Ocean, cetacean and extraterrestrial acoustics, and cold water cleaning". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 797 (1) 012001. Bibcode:2017JPhCS.797a2001L. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/797/1/012001 . ISSN   1742-6596.
  16. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Walton, A.J. and Pickworth, M.J.W. (1990). "Primary Bjerknes forces" (PDF). European Journal of Physics. 11 (1): 47–50. Bibcode:1990EJPh...11...47L. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/11/1/009. S2CID   250881462.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ Maksimov, A.O. and Leighton, T.G. (2018). "Acoustic radiation force on a parametrically distorted bubble" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 143 (1): 296–305. Bibcode:2018ASAJ..143..296M. doi:10.1121/1.5020786. PMID   29390754.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Hughes, E. R.; Leighton, T. G.; Petley, G. W.; White, P. R. (1999). "Ultrasonic propagation in cancellous bone: A new stratified model". Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 25 (5): 811–21. doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(99)00034-4. PMID   10414898.
  19. ↑ Hughes, E. R.; Leighton, T. G.; Petley, G. W.; White, P. R.; Chivers, R. C. (2003). "Estimation of critical and viscous frequencies for Biot theory in cancellous bone". Ultrasonics. 41 (5): 365–8. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.621.4532 . doi:10.1016/s0041-624x(03)00107-0. PMID   12788218.
  20. ↑ Hughes, E. R.; Leighton, T. G.; White, P. R.; Petley, G. W. (2007). "Investigation of an anisotropic tortuosity in a biot model of ultrasonic propagation in cancellous bone". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 121 (1): 568–74. Bibcode:2007ASAJ..121..568H. doi:10.1121/1.2387132. PMID   17297810.
  21. ↑ Lee, K. I.; Hughes, E. R.; Humphrey, V. F.; Leighton, T. G.; Choi, M. J. (2007). "Empirical angle-dependent Biot and MBA models for acoustic anisotropy in cancellous bone". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 52 (1): 59–73. Bibcode:2007PMB....52...59L. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/1/005. PMID   17183128. S2CID   40448489.
  22. ↑ "Osteoporosis breakthrough" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-06-29.
  23. ↑ Leighton, T.G, Petley, G.W., White, P.R. and Hughes, E.R. (2002). "A sound diagnosis" (PDF). EPSRC Newsline. 21: 18–19.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ↑ Hughes, E.R., Leighton, T.G., Petley, G.W. and White, P.R. (2001). "Ultrasonic assessment of bone health". Acoustics Bulletin. 26 (5): 17–23.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ↑ Phelps, A.D., Ramble, D.G. and Leighton, T.G. (1997). "The use of a combination frequency technique to measure the surf zone bubble population" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 101 (4): 1981–1989. Bibcode:1997ASAJ..101.1981P. doi:10.1121/1.418199. S2CID   123086338.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ↑ Phelps, A.D. and Leighton, T.G. (1998). "Oceanic bubble population measurements using a buoy-deployed combination frequency technique" (PDF). IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 23 (4): 400–410. Bibcode:1998IJOE...23..400P. doi:10.1109/48.725234.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Coles, D.C.H., Srokosz, M., White, P.R. and Woolf, D.K. (2018). "Asymmetric transfer of CO2 across a broken sea surface". Scientific Reports. 8 (1) 8301. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.8301L. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25818-6. PMC   5974314 . PMID   29844316.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. 1 2 Leighton, T.G., Ramble, D.G., Phelps, A.D., Morfey, C.L. and Harris, P.P. (1998). "Acoustic detection of gas bubbles in a pipe" (PDF). Acustica with Acta Acustica. 84 (5): 801–814.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ↑ Leighton, T.G., White, P.R., Morfey, C.L., Clarke, J.W.L., Heald, G.J., Dumbrell, H.A. and Holland, K.R. (2002). "The effect of reverberation on the damping of bubbles" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 112 (4): 1366–1376. Bibcode:2002ASAJ..112.1366L. doi:10.1121/1.1501895. PMID   12398444.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. 1 2 Leighton, T.G. and White, P.R. (2012). "Quantification of undersea gas leaks from carbon capture and storage facilities, from pipelines and from methane seeps, by their acoustic emissions". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 468 (2138): 485–510. Bibcode:2012RSPSA.468..485L. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2011.0221 .{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ↑ Blackford, J., Stahl, H., Bull, J., Berges, B., Cevatoglu, M., Lichtschlag, A., Connelly, D., James, R., Kita, J., Long, D., Naylor, M., Shitashima, K., Smith, D., Taylor, P., Wright, I., Akhurst, M., Chen, B., Gernon, T., Hauton, C., Hayashi, M., Kaieda, H., Leighton, T., Sato, T., Sayer, M., Suzumura, M., Tait, K., Vardy, M., White, P., and Widdicombe, S. (28 September 2014). "Detection and impacts of leakage from sub-seafloor deep geological carbon dioxide storage" (PDF). Nature Climate Change. 4 (11): Published online. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4.1011B. doi:10.1038/nclimate2381. hdl:20.500.11820/c1af030d-8998-471e-bcc3-ec174bb2ae24. S2CID   54825193.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ Berges, B. J. P, Leighton, T.G. and White, P.R. (2015). "Passive acoustic quantification of gas fluxes during controlled gas release experiments". International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 38: 64–79. Bibcode:2015IJGGC..38...64B. doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.02.008.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ↑ Yim, G.-T. and Leighton, T.G. (2010). "Real-time on-line monitoring of ceramic "slip" in pottery pipe-lines using ultrasound" (PDF). Ultrasonics. 50 (1): 60–67. doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2009.07.008. PMID   19709710.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ↑ Leighton, T. G.; Baik, K.; Jiang, J. (2012). "The use of acoustic inversion to estimate the bubble size distribution in pipelines". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 468 (2145): 2461–2484. Bibcode:2012RSPSA.468.2461L. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2012.0053 .
  35. ↑ Baik, K., Leighton, T. G and Jiang, J. (2014). "Investigation of a method for real time quantification of gas bubbles in pipelines" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 136 (2): 502–513. Bibcode:2014ASAJ..136..502B. doi:10.1121/1.4881922. PMID   25096085.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ↑ Jiang, J; Baik, K; Leighton, T.G. (2011). "Acoustic attenuation, phase and group velocities in liquid-filled pipes II: Simulation for Spallation Neutron Sources and planetary exploration". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 130 (2): 695–706. Bibcode:2011ASAJ..130..695J. doi:10.1121/1.3598463. PMID   21877784. S2CID   386262.
  37. ↑ Richards, S.D., Leighton, T.G. and Brown, N.R. (2003). "Visco-inertial absorption in dilute suspensions of irregular particles" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 459 (2038): 2153–2167. Bibcode:2003RSPSA.459.2153R. doi:10.1098/rspa.2003.1126. S2CID   137585578.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. ↑ Richards, S.D., Leighton, T.G. and Brown, N.R. (2003). "Sound absorption by suspensions of nonspherical particles: Measurements compared with predictions using various particle sizing techniques" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 114 (4): 1841–1850. Bibcode:2003ASAJ..114.1841R. doi:10.1121/1.1610449. PMID   14587585.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ↑ Brown, N.R., Leighton, T.G., Richards, S.D. and Heathershaw, A.D. (1998). "Measurement of viscous sound absorption at 50-150 kHz in a model turbid environment" (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104 (4): 2114–2120. Bibcode:1998ASAJ..104.2114B. doi:10.1121/1.423725.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ↑ Leighton, T; Banda, N; Berges, B; Joseph, P; White, P (1 August 2016). "Extraterrestrial sound for planetaria: A pedagogical study". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 140 (2): 1469–1480. Bibcode:2016ASAJ..140.1469L. doi: 10.1121/1.4960785 . ISSN   0001-4966. PMID   27586771.
  41. ↑ Leighton, T.G. (2009). "Fluid loading effects for acoustical sensors in the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, Titan, and Jupiter". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 125 (5): EL214–9. Bibcode:2009ASAJ..125L.214L. doi: 10.1121/1.3104628 . PMID   19425625.
  42. ↑ "T.G. Leighton, lecture, University of Southampton Multidisciplinary Research Week 2013". YouTube . 9 May 2013. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  43. ↑ Leighton, Timothy G.; Petculescu, Andi (2009). "The Sound of Music and Voices in Space Part 1: Theory". Acoustics Today. 5 (3): 17–26. doi:10.1121/1.3238123. ISSN   1557-0215.
  44. ↑ Leighton, Timothy G.; Petculescu, Andi (2009). "The Sound of Music and Voices in Space Part 2: Modeling and Simulation". Acoustics Today. 5 (3): 27–29. doi:10.1121/1.3238123. ISSN   1557-0215.
  45. ↑ Leighton, T.G. (1989). "Transient excitation of insonated bubbles" (PDF). Ultrasonics. 27 (1): 50–53. doi:10.1016/0041-624X(89)90009-7.
  46. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Walton, A.J. and Field, J.E. (1989). "High-speed photography of transient excitation" (PDF). Ultrasonics. 27 (6): 370–373. doi:10.1016/0041-624X(89)90036-X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Pickworth, M.J.W., Walton, A.J. and Dendy, P.P. (1988). "Studies of the cavitational effects of clinical ultrasound by sonoluminescence: 1 correlation of sonoluminescence with the standing-wave pattern in an acoustic field produced by a therapeutic unit" (PDF). Physics in Medicine and Biology. 33 (11): 1239–1248. Bibcode:1988PMB....33.1239L. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/33/11/002. S2CID   240285566.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ↑ Pickworth, M.J.W., Dendy, P.P., Leighton, T.G. and Walton, A.J. (1988). "Studies of the cavitational effects of clinical ultrasound by sonoluminescence: 2 Thresholds for sonoluminescence from a therapeutic ultrasound beam and the effect of temperature and duty cycle" (PDF). Physics in Medicine and Biology. 33 (11): 1249–1260. Bibcode:1988PMB....33.1249P. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/33/11/003. S2CID   250766457.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  49. ↑ Pickworth, M.J.W., Dendy, P.P., Leighton, T.G., Worpe, E. and Chivers, R.C. (1989). "Studies of the cavitational effects of clinical ultrasound by sonoluminescence: 3 Cavitation from pulses a few microseconds in length" (PDF). Physics in Medicine and Biology. 34 (9): 1139–1151. Bibcode:1989PMB....34.1139P. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/34/9/001. S2CID   250835936.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  50. 1 2 Birkin, P.R., Offin, D.G., Vian, C.J.B. and Leighton, T.G. (2015). "Electrochemical 'bubble swarm' enhancement of ultrasonic surface cleaning". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 17 (33): 21709–21715. Bibcode:2015PCCP...1721709B. doi:10.1039/c5cp02933c. PMID   26234563.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  51. ↑ Leighton, T.G., Pickworth M.J.W., Tudor, J. and Dendy, P.P. (1990). "Search for sonoluminescence in vivo in the human cheek" (PDF). Ultrasonics. 28 (3): 181–184. doi:10.1016/0041-624X(90)90083-Z. PMID   2339477.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  52. ↑ Howlin R.P., Fabbri S., Offin D.G., Symonds N., Kiang K.S., Knee R.J., Yoganantham D.C., Webb J.S., Birkin P.R., Leighton T.G., Stoodley P. (2015). "Removal of dental biofilms with a novel ultrasonically-activated water stream". Journal of Dental Research. 94 (9): 1303–1309. doi:10.1177/0022034515589284. PMID   26056055. S2CID   25192202. ePrints Soton 377535.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  53. ↑ Birkin P.R., Offin D.G., Vian C.J.B., Howlin R.P., Dawson J.I., Secker T.J., Herve R.C., Stoodley P., Oreffo R.O.C., Keevil C.W. and Leighton T.G. (2015). "Cold water cleaning of brain proteins, biofilm and bone – harnessing an ultrasonically activated stream" . Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 17 (32): 20574–20579. Bibcode:2015PCCP...1720574B. doi:10.1039/C5CP02406D. PMID   26200694.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  54. ↑ Salta, M; Goodes, L R; Maas, B J; Dennington, S P; Secker, T J; Leighton, T G (2016). "Bubbles versus biofilms: a novel method for the removal of marine biofilms attached on antifouling coatings using an ultrasonically activated water stream". Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties. 4 (3) 034009. Bibcode:2016SuTMP...4c4009S. doi:10.1088/2051-672x/4/3/034009. S2CID   54540132.
  55. ↑ Goodes, L., Harvey, T., Symonds, N. and Leighton, T.G. (2016). "A comparison of ultrasonically activated stream and ultrasonic bath immersion cleaning of railhead leaf-film contaminant". Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties. 4 (3) 034003. doi:10.1088/2051-672X/4/3/034003. S2CID   99433277.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ↑ Birkin, P.R., Offin, D.G., and Leighton, T.G. (2016). "An activated fluid stream - new techniques for cold water cleaning". UltrasonicsSonochemistry. 29: 612–618. Bibcode:2016UltS...29..612B. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.10.001 . PMID   26522990.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  57. ↑ "Sloan Water Technology Ltd. homepage" . Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  58. ↑ "Grand Opening of The Leighton Laboratories". Sloan Water Technology Ltd. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  59. ↑ "Prof Leighton addresses Parliamentary and Scientific Committee". The University of Southampton. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
  60. 1 2 Leighton, Timothy (2018). "Can we end the threat of Anti-Microbial Resistance once and for all?" (PDF). Science in Parliament. 74 (3): 29–32.
  61. ↑ Leighton, Timothy (2018). "Cold water cleaning in the preparation of food and beverages: The power of shimmering bubbles" (PDF). Baking Europe. Summer 2018: 8–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  62. ↑ Leighton, Timothy (2014). "Bubble Acoustics: From whales to other worlds". Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics. 36 (3): 58–86.
  63. ↑ Leighton, Timothy (2017). "Climate change, dolphins, spaceships and anti-microbial resistance - The impact of bubble acoustics". Proceedings of the International Congress on Sound and Vibration. 24: 1–16.
  64. ↑ "Resistance fighter takes the battle to the microbes". Author: J. Webb, New Scientist (26 March 2016, pp. 32–33) published online entitled "I'm finding new ways to beat antibiotic resistance". Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  65. ↑ Secker, T. J., Leighton, T. G., Offin, D. G., Birkin, P. R., Herve, R. C. and Keevil, C. W. (2020). "A cold water, ultrasonic activated stream efficiently removes proteins and prion-associated amyloid from surgical stainless steel". Journal of Hospital Infection. 106 (4): 649–456. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.021. PMC   7501313 . PMID   32956784.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  66. ↑ "Reducing infection risk when cleaning surgical instruments" . Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  67. ↑ Chong, W. Y., Secker, T. J., Dolder, C. N., Keevil, C. W. and Leighton, T. G. (2021). "The possibilities of using Ultrasonically Activated Streams to reduce the risk of foodborne infection from salad" . Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 46 (6): 1616–1630. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.01.026. PMID   33640170. S2CID   232078170.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  68. ↑ "Reducing human illness and fatalities through novel ultrasonic cleaning of salad" . Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  69. ↑ Chong, W. Y., Cox, C., Secker, T. J., Keevil, C. W. and Leighton, T. G. (2021). "Improving livestock feed safety and infection prevention: Removal of bacterial contaminants from hay using cold water, bubbles and ultrasound". Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 61 105372. Bibcode:2021UltS...7105372C. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105372. PMC   7786572 . PMID   33128950.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  70. ↑ Malakoutikhah, M., Dolder, C. N., Secker, T. J., Zhu, M., Harling, C. C., Keevil, C. W. and Leighton, T. G. (2020). "Industrial lubricant removal using an ultrasonically activated water stream, with potential application for Coronavirus decontamination and infection prevention for SARS-CoV-2" (PDF). Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing. 98 (5): 258–270. doi:10.1080/00202967.2020.1805221. S2CID   221666533.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  71. ↑ Secker, T. J., Harling, C. C., Hand, C., Voegeli, D., Keevil, C. W. and Leighton, T. G. (2022). "A proof-of-concept study of the removal of early and late phase biofilm from skin wound models using a liquid acoustic stream". International Wound Journal. 19 (8): 2124–2135. doi:10.1111/iwj.13818. PMC   9705188 . PMID   35470982.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  72. ↑ "Healing wounds using just air, sound and water: pilot lab tests published" . Retrieved 2023-03-01.
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