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A kibbutz is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a kibbutz is called a kibbutznik.
Ma'barot, often called Ma'abarot, is a kibbutz in Emek Hefer in central Israel. Established in 1933 and located about 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) northeast of Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hefer Valley Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 983.
Hatzor, officially Hatzor Ashdod, is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located near Ashdod, it falls under the jurisdiction of Be'er Tuvia Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 673.
HaZore'a is a kibbutz in northern Israel established in 1936 by German Jews. It is the only kibbutz that was established by members of the Werkleute movement. Located in the western rim of the Jezreel Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Megiddo Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 933.
Mordechai Bentov was an Israeli journalist and politician. He was one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence.
Ya'akov Hazan was an Israeli politician and social activist.
Shlomo Rosen was an Israeli politician and minister.
Yisrael Barzilai was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister during the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s.
Natan Peled was an Israeli politician who served as Minister of Immigrant Absorption from 1970 until 1974.
Eliezer Peri born Eliezer Wilder-Frei; 2 February 1902 – 1 December 1970, was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapam between 1949 and 1955.
Dr Dov Bar-Nir was a Belgium-born Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapam between 1949 and 1951.
Aharon Cohen was a senior member of Mapam, a pro-USSR Israeli political party which existed during the first two decades of statehood.
Mordechai Oren (1905–1985) was a leader of Mapam and the Kibbutz Artzi Hashomer Hatzair. He was implicated in a scandal which created an uproar in the state of Israel during the early fifties when he was tried in a show trial in Eastern Europe and was dubbed the "prisoner of Prague".
Hashomer Hatzair is a Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary, and it was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 Mandatory Palestine.
Al HaMishmar was a daily newspaper published in Mandatory Palestine and Israel between 1943 and 1995. The paper was owned by, and affiliated with Hashomer Hatzair as well as the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party of Palestine, which became Mapam after 1948, which itself became a component of Meretz after 1992.
Mapam was a left-wing political party in Israel. The party is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Meretz party.
Meir Ya'ari was an Israeli politician, educator, and social activist. He was the leader of Hashomer Hatzair, Kibbutz Artzi, and Mapam, and a member of the Knesset.
The Kibbutz Movement is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made up of approximately 230 kibbutzim. It does not include the Religious Kibbutz Movement with its 16 kibbutzim or the two Poalei Agudat Yisrael-affiliated religious kibbutzim.
The Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party of Palestine was a Marxist-Zionist political party in the British Mandate of Palestine, connected to the Hashomer Hatzair movement.
Shulamit Bat-Dori was a Polish-Israeli playwright, kibbutz theatre director and producer, and dance festival director. A member of the Socialist-Zionist Hashomer Hatzair movement and its kibbutz, Mishmar HaEmek, she introduced political theatre to Palestine, writing and producing plays that reinforced the ideology of the Kibbutz Movement. She was known for her huge, open-air performances that enlisted hundreds of kibbutz members and attracted thousands of viewers. She represented Israel at international conferences and was a professor in the theatre department at Tel Aviv University from 1965 to 1974.
References
- ↑ Beinin, Joel. Was the Red Flag Flying There?: Marxist Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict in Egypt and Israel, 1948-1965. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. pp. 26-27
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