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Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of the largest branches of Christianity, with around 110 million adherents worldwide as of 2001.
John Charlton Polkinghorne was an English theoretical physicist, theologian, and Anglican priest. A prominent and leading voice explaining the relationship between science and religion, he was professor of mathematical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1968 to 1979, when he resigned his chair to study for the priesthood, becoming an ordained Anglican priest in 1982. He served as the president of Queens' College, Cambridge, from 1988 until 1996.
A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of its founder's religious practice. The order is composed of laypeople and, in some orders, clergy. Religious orders exist in many of the world's religions.
Ecumenism, also spelled oecumenism, is the concept and principle in which Christians who belong to different Christian denominations work together to develop closer relationships among their churches and promote Christian unity. The adjective ecumenical is thus applied to any interdenominational initiative that encourages greater cooperation between Christians and their churches.
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity that comprises all church congregations of the same kind, identifiable by traits such as a name, peculiar history, organization, leadership, theological doctrine, worship style and sometimes a founder. It is a secular and neutral term, generally used to denote any established Christian church. Unlike a cult or sect, a denomination is usually seen as part of the Christian religious mainstream. Most Christian denominations self-describe as Churches, whereas some newer ones tend to use the terms churches, assemblies, fellowships, etc., interchangeably. Divisions between one group and another are defined by authority and doctrine; issues such as the nature of Jesus, the authority of apostolic succession, biblical hermeneutics, theology, ecclesiology, eschatology, and papal primacy may separate one denomination from another. Groups of denominations—often sharing broadly similar beliefs, practices, and historical ties—are sometimes known as "branches of Christianity". These branches differ in many ways, especially through differences in practices and belief.
The Geneva gown, also called a pulpit gown, pulpit robe, or preaching robe, is an ecclesiastical garment customarily worn by ordained ministers and Accredited Lay Preachers in the Christian churches that arose out of the historic Protestant Reformation. It is particularly associated with Protestant churches of the Reformed, Methodist, Unitarian and Free Christian traditions.
Arthur Robert Peacocke was an English Anglican theologian and biochemist.
Catholicity is a concept pertaining to beliefs and practices widely accepted across numerous Christian denominations, most notably those that describe themselves as Catholic in accordance with the Four Marks of the Church, as expressed in the Nicene Creed of the First Council of Constantinople in 381: "[I believe] in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church."
The Oxford Faculty of Theology and Religion co-ordinates the teaching of theology at the University of Oxford, England. It is part of Oxford's Humanities Division.
Anglican religious orders are communities of men or women in the Anglican Communion who live under a common rule of life. The members of religious orders take vows which often include the traditional monastic vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, or the ancient vow of stability, or sometimes a modern interpretation of some or all of these vows. Members may be laity or clergy, but most commonly include a mixture of both. They lead a common life of work and prayer, sometimes on a single site, sometimes spread over multiple locations.
The Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral, frequently referred to as the Lambeth Quadrilateral or the Lambeth-Chicago Quadrilateral, is a four-point articulation of Anglican identity, often cited as encapsulating the fundamentals of the Anglican Communion's doctrine and as a reference point for ecumenical discussion with other Christian denominations. The four points are:
- The Holy Scriptures, as containing all things necessary to salvation;
- The creeds, as the sufficient statement of Christian faith;
- The dominical sacraments of baptism and Holy Communion;
- The historic episcopate, locally adapted.
Branch theory is an ecclesiological proposition that the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church includes various Christian denominations whether in formal communion or not. The theory is often incorporated in the Protestant notion of an invisible Christian Church structure binding them together.
The term Eastern Protestant Christianity, as well as Oriental Protestant Christianity, encompasses a range of heterogeneous Protestant Christian denominations that developed outside of the Occident, from the latter half of the nineteenth century and yet keeps elements of Eastern Christianity, to varying degrees. Most of these denominations came into being when existing Protestant Churches adopted reformational variants of Orthodox Christian liturgy and worship; while others are the result of reformations of Orthodox Christian beliefs and practices, inspired by the teachings of Western Protestant missionaries. Some Eastern Protestant Churches are in communion with similar Western Protestant Churches. However, Eastern Protestant Christianity within itself, does not constitute a single communion. This is due to the diverse polities, practices, liturgies and orientations of the denominations which fall under this category.
Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism refers to spirituality in Protestantism inspired by the Catholic friar Saint Francis of Assisi. Emerging since the 19th century, there are several Protestant adherent and groups, sometimes organised as religious orders, which strive to adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of Saint Francis of Assisi.
The Episcopal Church (TEC), based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church is Michael Bruce Curry, the first African-American bishop to serve in that position.
Paul David Loup Avis is an English Anglican priest, theologian, and ecumenist. He was General Secretary of the Church of England's Council for Christian Unity from 1998 to 2011, theological consultant to the Anglican Communion Office, London, from 2011 to 2012, and Canon Theologian of Exeter Cathedral from 2008 to 2013. He was honorary professor in the Department of Theology and Religion at Durham University 2017-2021. At the University of Exeter he was visiting professor of theology from 2009 to 2017 and is currently honorary research fellow. He is Director of the Centre for the Study of the Christian Church which organises occasional conferences and is linked to the journal Ecclesiology, published by Brill, of which he is Editor-in-Chief. He is the editor of the series Anglican-Episcopal Theology and History, also published by Brill. Avis was also a chaplain to Queen Elizabeth II, 2008–2017.
Protestantism is a form of Christianity that originated with the 16th-century Reformation, a movement against what its followers perceived to be errors in the Catholic Church. Protestants originating in the Reformation reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy, but disagree among themselves regarding the number of sacraments, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and matters of ecclesiastical polity and apostolic succession. They emphasize the priesthood of all believers; justification by faith alone rather than by faith with good works; the teaching that salvation comes by divine grace or "unmerited favor" only, not as something merited ; and either affirm the Bible as being the sole highest authority or primary authority for Christian doctrine, rather than being on parity with sacred tradition. The five solae of Lutheran and Reformed Christianity summarise basic theological differences in opposition to the Catholic Church.
Most sources of knowledge available to early Christians were connected to pagan world-views. There were various opinions on how Christianity should regard pagan learning, which included its ideas about nature. For instance, among early Christian teachers, Tertullian held a generally negative opinion of Greek philosophy, while Origen regarded it much more favorably and required his students to read nearly every work available to them.
References
- ↑ Gloria L. Schaab (18 October 2007). The Creative Suffering of the Triune God: An Evolutionary Theology. Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 9780198044048.
Made a member of the Order of the British Empire by 1993 by Queen Elizabeth II, Arthur Peacocke served as Waden Emeritus of the Society of Ordained Scientists, an ecumenical religious order that he founded in 1985; Honorary Canon of Christ Church Cathedral in Oxford; an international lecturer and scholar.
- ↑ John Templeton; Kenneth Seeman Giniger (1 June 1998). Spiritual Evolution: Scientists Discuss Their Beliefs. Templeton Foundation Press. p. 109. ISBN 9781890151164.
So it was that in 1987 there was founded, initially within the Church of England, a new dispersed Order. The Society of Ordained Scientists (S.O.Sc.), is held together by a Rule of prayer and sacrament, to which we are committed through appropriate vows made at an annual Eucharist presided over in the first nine years by the then Archbishop of York, Dr. John Habgood, who was formerly a research physiologist.
- ↑ James C. Peterson (2001). Genetic Turning Points: The Ethics of Human Genetic Intervention . Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
As to specifically Christian theists, an example of continue presence would be the American Scientific Affiliation. It currently has about two thousand members, all of whom affirm the Apostles' Creed as part of joining the association, and most of whom hold Ph.D.s in the natural sciences. Their active journal is Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith . Across the Atlantic, the Society of Ordained Scientists and Christians in Science are similar affiliation in Great Britain.
- ↑ Robert J. Russell; Ted Peters; Nathan Hallanger (2006). God's Action in Nature's World: Essays in Honour of Robert John Russell. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 5. ISBN 9780754655565.
By the early 1970s centers and societies for the study of science and religion were budding around the world. At Oxford University, biologist-theologian Arthur Peacocke organized the Society of Ordained Scientists and cultivated the Ian Ramsey Centre for research in this field.
- ↑ Ted Peters (2003). Science, theology, and ethics. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 46. ISBN 9780754608257.
Oxford scholar Arthur Peacocke is a biochemist as well as a theologian and heads a recently founded order for hybrids called the Society of Ordained Scientists.
- ↑ J. B. Stump; Alan G. Padgett (2012). The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 589. ISBN 9781118256503.
He founded the Society of Ordained Scientists in 1986 to further advance the development of the field of science and religion.
- ↑ "Constitution of the Society of Ordained Scientists". Society of Ordained Scientists. 2017.
The Society originated as a community of scientists within the ordained ministry (men and women) of the Anglican Communion. Membership is open, at the invitation of the Warden, to ordained members of this and any other church following a Trinitarian confession.
- ↑ Eric Jenkins Childwall (December 1990). "The inception and growth of an ecumenical dispersed religious order (1985-7)". Society of Ordained Scientists.
Tentative proposals emerged for the formation of a dispersed religious order, open to ordained ministers of the Church of England and to the other main Christian Churches who shared a common background and were prepared to commit themselves to certain Aims, a Rule and Constitution. Within four years, that is by the summer of 1990, the Society of Ordained Scientists had attracted 55 full members, including men and women: Methodists, United Reformed Church, Presbyterian as well as Anglicans; Scottish, Welsh, Canadian and American as well as English.
