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Solen was a Swedish 17th-century galleon ship, sunk during the battle with the Polish squadron at Oliwa on November 28, 1627.
The galeon Solen was classified in Sweden as the lagom örlogskepp – a medium-sized ship. It belonged to a group of nine vessels ordered in 1623 by the Swedes in the Netherlands (among which was also the Tigern). [1] She entered the Swedish service in 1624. She was converted into a warship and armed in Alvsborg. Originally, until 1626 it was part of the Swedish fleet in the west sea, in the waters of the Kattegat. During the Polish-Swedish War, Solen was part of the Swedish forces blocking the Bay of Gdansk. The ship's commander was Alexander Foratth.
Solen with the other ships of the Swedish squadron took part in the battle against the Polish fleet at Oliwa on November 28, 1627. Mistaken for the Vice Admiral's ship, "Solen was attacked and murdered by the Polish smaller galleon Wodnik. During hand-to-hand combat and gunfire, among others, Captain Foratt was killed. When the fight started to take an unfavorable turn for the Swedes, the Swedish skipper blew up Solen, setting fire to the powder chamber in the bow and causing the explosion of gunpowder and immediate sinking of the ship. 46 crew members, taken prisoner by Poles, survived.
In the report published after the battle there was a saying, referring to the name of the ship, that on that day, near Gdańsk, the Sun went down at noon.
On October 20, 1969, during work on the construction of the Northern Port of Gdansk, the remains of a sailing shipwreck were found, which was later identified with a high probability as Solen and marked as W-6. The bottom part, however, without the bow, covered with stones used on the galleon as ballast, has been preserved. The wreck lay at a depth of 16 meters, 3 nautical miles northeast of the entrance to the port of Gdansk, at the position 54°28' north width and 18°42' east length. The wreck was then explored pioneering in Poland by the National Maritime Museum in Gdansk.
Eleven barrels of cannons were still extracted from the wreck in 1969, eight of which were cast in Sweden (signed with a sheaf – the Vasa coat of arms), two were Polish and one was Russian, probably captured earlier by the Swedes. Then the wreck was dug up and the area was searched using ejectors and electricity generators. Over the following years, more than 6,000 items were excavated, such as nine more cannons, cannonballs, powder shovels, cutouts, muskets, forts, tin plates, ceramics, Swedish coins, one sculpture depicting a man's head, pieces of clothing and small utility items. In 1975 the removal of ballast stones from the wreck began, weighing from several to several dozen kilograms. Due to the location of the wreck on the approach to the port, on September 10, 1980, the wreck was moved to another place, in the area of Gdynia-Orłowo by means of a floating crane Smok. The research of the W-6 position was completed in 1981. The exhibits excavated from "Solena" are located in the Central Maritime Museum in Gdansk. The 20 cannons found were cast in the period from 1560 to the second decade of the 17th century.
Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships developed in Spain and first used as armed cargo carriers by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries during the Age of Sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-1600s. Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts.
Vasa or Wasa is a Swedish warship built between 1626 and 1628. The ship sank after sailing roughly 1,300 m (1,400 yd) into her maiden voyage on 10 August 1628. She fell into obscurity after most of her valuable bronze cannons were salvaged in the 17th century, until she was located again in the late 1950s in a busy shipping area in Stockholm harbor. The ship was salvaged with a largely intact hull in 1961. She was housed in a temporary museum called Wasavarvet until 1988 and then moved permanently to the Vasa Museum in the Royal National City Park in Stockholm. The ship is one of Sweden's most popular tourist attractions and has been seen by over 35 million visitors since 1961. Since her recovery, Vasa has become a widely recognized symbol of the Swedish Empire.
The Battle of Oliwa, also known as the Battle of Oliva or the Battle of Gdańsk Roadstead, was a naval battle that took place on 28 November, 1627, slightly north of the port of Gdańsk off of the coast of the village of Oliva during the Polish–Swedish War. It was the largest naval engagement to be fought by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy and resulted in defeating a Swedish squadron led by Niels Stiernsköld that conducted a blockade of the harbour of Gdańsk. The Poles sailed out of the Gdańsk harbour and engaged the Swedish squadron capturing the Swedish flagship and sinking another Swedish warship.
Oliwa is a northern district of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. From east it borders Przymorze and Żabianka, from the north Sopot and from the south with the districts of Strzyża, VII Dwór and Brętowo, while from the west with Matarnia and Osowa. It is known for its medieval monastery with the Oliwa Cathedral, the 1627 Battle of Oliwa and the 1660 Treaty of Oliva.
Arend Dickmann, also originally spelled as Dijckman, was an Admiral of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy, that commanded the fleet in the Battle of Oliwa in 1627, during the Polish–Swedish War.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy was the navy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Kronan, also called Stora Kronan, was a Swedish warship that served as the flagship of the Swedish Navy in the Baltic Sea in the 1670s. When built, she was one of the largest seagoing vessels in the world. The construction of Kronan lasted from 1668 to 1672 and was delayed by difficulties with financing and conflicts between the shipwright Francis Sheldon and the Swedish admiralty. After four years of service, the ship sank in rough weather at the Battle of Öland on 1 June 1676: while making a sharp turn under too much sail she capsized, and the gunpowder magazine ignited and blew off most of the bow. Kronan sank quickly, taking about 800 men and more than 100 guns with her, along with valuable military equipment, weapons, personal items, and large quantities of silver and gold coins.
Król Dawid was a galleon of the Polish Navy that fought in the Battle of Oliwa. She was launched as König David 1623 in Danzig (Gdańsk) and initially served as a merchant ship.
The Polish–Swedish War of 1621 to 1625 was a war in a long-running series of conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Swedish Empire. It began with a Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian fiefdom Livonia. Swedish forces succeeded in taking the city of Riga after a siege. The Commonwealth, focused on a war with the Ottoman Empire, was unable to send significant forces to stop Gustav Adolf, and signed a truce favorable to Sweden. The Commonwealth ceded Livonia north of the Dvina (Düna) river, and retained only nominal control over Riga. The new truce in Mitau was signed and lasted from November 1622 to March 1625.
The Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629 was the fourth stage in a series of conflicts between Sweden and Poland fought in the 17th century. It began in 1626 and ended four years later with the Truce of Altmark and later at Stuhmsdorf with the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf.
San Salvador was a Spanish galleon of the Spanish Armada as part of the Guipúzcoan squadron of Miguel de Oquendo. She was damaged and captured as a result of the first encounter of the Armada with the Royal Navy in 1588. San Salvador was lost at sea in the English Channel later that same year.
The Lithuanian Navy is the naval arm of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. Though formally established on 1 August 1935 its roots stretch back as far as naval engagements on the Baltic Sea in the Medieval period. Lithuanian naval units saw some service with Soviet naval forces during World War II, and the navy has been re-established in its own right and continues to expand since Lithuania's independence in 1990.
The San Juan de Sicilia was one of the 130 ships that formed the ill-fated Spanish Armada of 1588. The ship was originally known as the Brod Martolosi, before it was seized to form part of the navy. It was one of 10 ships forming the Levant squadron, one of 8 squadrons that formed the entire armada.
The Polish Navy is the naval branch of the Polish Armed Forces. The Polish Navy consists of 46 ships and about 12,000 commissioned and enlisted personnel. The traditional ship prefix in the Polish Navy is ORP.
Arka Noego was a war pinnace in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy that played an important role in two naval battles of the Polish–Swedish War (1626–29). Small, fast and lightly armed when compared to the impressive man-of-war galleons of the Swedish Navy, excellent leadership, a fine crew and aggressive marines combined to bring the Arka Noego into parity with her larger opponents. Major roles in two impressive victories followed in the fall of 1627.
The Battle of Salis took place during the Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611) during the night of March 23–24, 1609. After the capture of Pärnu, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, commander of the Lithuanian army, moved towards Riga, which was besieged by the Swedes under the command of Joachim Frederick von Mansfeld. Along the way, Chodkiewicz saw a chance to destroy the Swedish squadron based in the Salis port which blocked Riga. The dominant presence of the Swedes in the Baltic region gave the Lithuanian army the upper hand, as von Mansfeld and the Swedish army did not expect the possibility of an attack in such a heavily Swedish-occupied region.
The Battle of Hel was a naval raid took place on July 29, 1571, when a squadron of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy raided the Baltic Sea ports of Puck and Hel, destroying or capturing fifteen ships of the privateer fleet of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and taking those that were captured back to the city of Copenhagen.
Wisłoujście Fortress is a historic fortress located in Gdańsk by the Martwa Wisła river, by an old estuary of the river Vistula, flowing into the Bay of Gdańsk. The fortress is located close to the Wisłoujście borough, Westerplatte and the Port Północny. It is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.
Ritter Sankt Georg, also known as Sankt Georg, was a galleon warship that served in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy from 1627 to 1628.
The ship cemetery at Ekenabben is located in the Djupasund strait between the islands of Sturkö and Tjurkö in the Blekinge archipelago in southern Sweden. The ship cemetery consists of six wrecks from 1550–1650 that were sunk at the end of the 18th and beginning of 19th century to create an underwater barrier and prevent ships' entry to Karlskrona, host to the Karlskrona naval base, Sweden's largest naval base.