| Solvik Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early Llandovery (Silurian) [1] | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Sub-units | |
| Location | |
| Country |  Norway |
The Solvik Formation is a geologic formation in the central Oslo Region of Norway. [1] It preserves fossils dating back to the early Silurian period. [1]
| Brachiopods | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
| ?Anabaria | Leangen Member. [2] | 2 valves. [2] | |||
| Atrypina | Leangen Member. [2] | 2 shells. [2] | |||
| ?Becscia | ?B. pentagona | Basal Myren Member. [2] | |||
| Clintonella | C. aprinis | "32.5 m above the base of the Leangen Member". [2] | Molds. [2] | ||
| Cryptothyrella | Top of the Leangen Member at Jongsåsveien. [2] | A pedicle valve. [2] | |||
| Eisaella | E. minuta | Upper Myren Member and Leangen Member. [2] | |||
| E. uniplicata | "From basal Myren Member up to 55 m above the base". [2] | ||||
| ?Glassia | ?G. sp. | "Only one well-preserved specimen (PMO 87.601)". [2] | |||
| Hindella | H. kiaeri | * 3–4 meters above the base of the formation at one locality at Bekkestua, in Bærum. [2]
| Also occurs in the Langara Formation. | ||
| Meifodia | M. prima ovalis | "Uppermost Myren and the lower parts of Padda members". [2] | |||
| M. prima prima | Near the base of the formation. [2] | A atrypid. | |||
| M. subundata | Middle part of the formation. [3] | A atrypid. | |||
| Thulatrypa | T. gregaria | Uppermost Leangen Member. [2] | |||
| T. huangi | Leangen Member. [2] | ||||
| T. vikenensis | "8–10 m above the base of the Myren Member". [2] | ||||
| ?T. sp. | Leangbukta and Skytterveien. [2] | "PMO 113.698 (brachial mold), 153.873 (sectioned), 158.222, and 158.610, all whole valves". [2] | A new species, may be assigned to another genus if more material becomes available. | ||
| Shelvothyris | S. bivittata | 11 meters above the base of the Leangen Member. [2] | |||
The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at 443.8 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, 419.2 Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out.
Nektaspida is an extinct order of non-mineralised artiopodan arthropods. They are known from the mid-Cambrian to the upper Silurian. Originally classified as trilobites, which they superficially resemble, they are now placed as close relatives as members of the Trilobitomorpha within Artiopoda. The order is divided into three major families; Emucarididae, Liwiidae, and Naraoiidae.
Dolerorthis is an extinct genus of hesperorthid brachiopod. The type species of this genus, D. interplicata, was described from the Silurian (Telychian) Osgood Formation. Other species belonging to this genus are known from the Ordovician and Silurian of Europe, Kazakhstan, China and Argentina. It was roughly 4 centimetres (1.6 in) across.
Aulacopleura is a genus of proetid trilobite that lived from the Middle Ordovician to the Middle Devonian. Some authors may classify this group as subgenus Otarion (Aulacopleura). The cephalon is semicircular or semielliptical, with border and preglabellar field. The glabella is short, with or without defined eye ridges connecting it with eyes of variable size. Spines at the rear outer corners of the cephalon are present, typically reaching back to the 2nd to 4th thorax segment. The 'palate' is not connected to the dorsal shield of the cephalon. The cephalon is pitted, or has small tubercles. The thorax has up to 22 segments. The pleural ends are usually rounded. The pygidium is small (micropygous), with an even margin. A. koninckii had a modern type of compound eye.
Paleontology in Oklahoma refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Oklahoma has a rich fossil record spanning all three eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Oklahoma is the best source of Pennsylvanian fossils in the United States due to having an exceptionally complete geologic record of the epoch. From the Cambrian to the Devonian, all of Oklahoma was covered by a sea that would come to be home to creatures like brachiopods, bryozoans, graptolites and trilobites. During the Carboniferous, an expanse of coastal deltaic swamps formed in areas of the state where early tetrapods would leave behind footprints that would later fossilize. The sea withdrew altogether during the Permian period. Oklahoma was home a variety of insects as well as early amphibians and reptiles. Oklahoma stayed dry for most of the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic, carnivorous dinosaurs left behind footprints that would later fossilize. During the Cretaceous, however, the state was mostly covered by the Western Interior Seaway, which was home to huge ammonites and other marine invertebrates. During the Cenozoic, Oklahoma became home to creatures like bison, camels, creodonts, and horses. During the Ice Age, the state was home to mammoths and mastodons. Local Native Americans are known to have used fossils for medicinal purposes. The Jurassic dinosaur Saurophaganax maximus is the Oklahoma state fossil.
The Camerata or camerate crinoids are an extinct subclass of Paleozoic stalked crinoids. They were some of the earliest crinoids to originate during the Early Ordovician, reached their maximum diversity during the Mississippian, and became extinct during the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Camerates are the sister group of Pentacrinoidea, which contains all other crinoids. The two largest camerate subgroups are the orders Diplobathrida and Monobathrida.
The Saratoga Chalk is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period, specifically ammonites.
The Johnson Spring Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
The Attawapiskat Formation is a geologic formation in Ontario. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
The Merrimack Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
The Gun River Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Silurian period.
The Jupiter Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec, well-exposed in the southern third of Anticosti Island and lying in the St Lawrence River Valley. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
The Becscie Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Silurian period.
The Bird Fiord Formation is a geologic formation in Nunavut. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2019.
Askerina is an extinct genus of atrypid brachiopods from subfamily Atrypinae that lived in end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) and Silurian (Aeronian). The type and only known species is Askerina cymbula. Its fossils are known only from the lower parts of the Solvik Formation in central Oslo region, Norway.
Venustulus is a genus of synziphosurine, a paraphyletic group of fossil chelicerate arthropods. Venustulus was regarded as part of the clade Prosomapoda. Fossils of the single and type species, V. waukeshaensis, have been discovered in deposits of the Silurian period in Wisconsin, in the United States. Venustulus is one of the few synziphosurine genera with fossil showing evidence of appendages, the other ones being Weinbergina, Anderella and Camanchia. Despite often being aligned close to Horseshoe crabs, it has been found that Venustulus and its relatives form a group made up of various basal euchelicerate arthropods more distant to the xiphosurans.
Schizophoria is an extinct genus of brachiopod belonging to the superfamily Enteletoidea. Specimens have been found in Devonian through Permian beds in North America, Australia, central and southeast Asia, and eastern Europe.
Heliolites is a large and heterogenous genus of extinct tabulate corals in the family Heliolitidae. Specimens have been found in Ordovician to Devonian beds in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The genus is particularly abundant in the Wellin Member of the Hanonet Formation of Belgium.
Villebrunaster is an extinct genus of starfish-like animal belonging to Asterozoa that lived around 480 million years ago during Early Ordovician Period in modern-day southern France and Morocco. As of 2022, it contains two species, namely V. thorali and V. fezouataensis. V. thorali was described in 1951 and V. fezouataensis was described in 2021. Villebrunaster represents one of the oldest members of asterozoans, and perhaps, according to a description in 2021, the earliest divergent stem-group of Asterozoa.
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