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Type of site | Online encyclopaedia |
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| Available in | English |
| Founded | 1984 |
| Headquarters | UK |
| Founder(s) |
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| Launched | September 1997 |
| Written in | Node.js |
Spartacus Educational is a free online encyclopedia with essays and other educational material on a wide variety of historical subjects, principally British history from 1700 and the history of the United States.
Based in the United Kingdom, Spartacus Educational was established as a book publisher in 1984 by former history teacher John Simkin and Judith Harris. [1] It became an online publisher in September 1997. [2] It grew into a large database of primary and secondary sources on a wide variety of subjects, including World War I, World War II, the Russian Revolution, abolitionism, Chartism, women's suffrage (biographies of 230 women), Nazi Germany, the Spanish Civil War, and the Cold War. Wherever possible, Simkin said that the history is told via the words of the people involved in the struggle for equality and democracy. For World War II, Simkin describes the focus of this encyclopedia as "providing background information on major political leaders from each of the countries involved in the war ... including individuals from a miscellaneous category such as: Chaing Kai-Shek and Josip Tito. ... The site has the ability to provide more of a well-rounded learning experience by illustrating how the war affected people and places all over the world." [3] The New York Public Library recommended the articles about the history of Germany and history of Russia as educational resources. [4]
According to Marilyn Elias of the Southern Poverty Law Center, speaking about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, "the site simply reproduces a host of conspiracy theories that first appeared elsewhere". [5] Elias also describes the site as "very shoddy, not well-sourced", citing Arthur Goldwag, author of Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies. [5] Of Spartacus Educational, Monica Burns, an EdTech consultant for Edutopia, a free online resource in history for teaching students how to comprehend informational text, wrote in 2013 that it is "a great resource for global history. It contains free encyclopedia entries that directly connect to primary source documents, making it a perfect tool for educators looking to give students a starting point in their research." [6]
A slave rebellion is an armed uprising by slaves, as a way of fighting for their freedom. Rebellions of slaves have occurred in nearly all societies that practice slavery or have practiced slavery in the past. A desire for freedom and the dream of successful rebellion is often the greatest object of song, art, and culture amongst the enslaved population. These events, however, are often violently opposed and suppressed by slaveholders.
Francisco Ascaso Abadía was an Aragonese carpenter and prominent anarcho-syndicalist figure in Spain.
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research materials intentionally created and licensed to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify. The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses. These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.
Friedrich Wilhelm Waldemar Fromm was a German Army officer. In World War II, Fromm was Commander in Chief of the Replacement Army (Ersatzheer), in charge of training and personnel replacement for combat divisions of the German Army, a position he occupied for most of the war. He was executed for failing to act against the plot of 20 July 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
The League of Coloured Peoples (LCP) was a British civil-rights organisation that was founded in 1931 in London by Jamaican-born physician and campaigner Harold Moody with the goal of racial equality around the world, a primary focus being on black rights in Britain. In 1933, the organisation began publication of the civil-rights journal, The Keys. The LCP was a powerful civil-rights force until its dissolution in 1951.
Spartacus Books is a non-profit, volunteer and collectively run bookstore and resource centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1973. Spartacus sells new and used books, zines, comics, magazines, CDs, videos, T-shirts, patches, pins, posters and cards. Spartacus Books is one of the longest-running collectively run bookstores in North America.
The Jewish Virtual Library is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE). It is a website covering topics about Israel–United States relations, Jewish history, Israel, the Holocaust, antisemitism and Judaism.
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.
Mildred Aldrich (1853-1928) was an American journalist, editor, writer and translator. She spent her early career as a journalist and editor in Boston before moving to Paris, where she continued working as a foreign correspondent and translator. In 1914, shortly before the start of World War I, she retired to a house in the French countryside overlooking the Marne River valley. She published a novel and four accounts of her life based on collections of her letters written during the war years. In 1922, she was awarded the French Legion of Honour in recognition of her assistance to soldiers and refugees, and the influence her books apparently had in persuading the United States government to declare war on Germany.
Frank Reynolds was a British artist. Son of an artist, he studied at Heatherley's School of Art. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
The Society for Constitutional Information was a British activist group founded in 1780 by Major John Cartwright, to promote parliamentary reform and knowledge of the English constitution.
Alice Friedmann, known as Litzi Friedmann, was an Austrian communist who was the first wife of Kim Philby, a member of the Cambridge Five. Records identify her as the Soviet agent with the code name Mary.
John Franklin Carter a.k.a. Jay Franklin a.k.a. Diplomat a.k.a. Unofficial Observer (1897–1967) was an American journalist, columnist, biographer and novelist. He notably wrote the syndicated column, "We the People", under his pen name Jay Franklin. He wrote over 30 books on a variety of subjects, including his detective novels about the character Dennis Tyler. In his column, he was one of the few who predicted Truman's victory in the 1948 presidential election.
Spartacus was a Thracian gladiator (Thraex) who was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.
Sir Edward George Warris Hulton was a British magazine publisher and writer.
Densho is a nonprofit organization based in Seattle, Washington whose mission is “to preserve and share history of the WWII incarceration of Japanese Americans to promote equity and justice today.” Densho collects video oral histories, photos, documents, and other primary source materials regarding Japanese American history, with a focus on the World War II period and the incarceration of Japanese Americans. Densho offers a free digital archive of these primary sources. It also maintains an online encyclopedia of notable Japanese Americans and related topics and an educational curricula.
Alex Gordon was a police agent recruited by Herbert Booth, of P.M.S.2. in 1916 to infiltrate the labour and anti-war movement which was proving more effective after the introduction of conscription in the United Kingdom.
The Women's Industrial Council (WIC) was a British organisation active from 1894 to about 1917, promoting the interests of women at work.
Alice Stewart Ker or Alice Jane Shannan KerMRCPI was a Scottish physician, health educator, and suffragette. She was the 13th woman on the registry of the British Medical Association.
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