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A comic book, also called comicbook, comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and written narrative, usually, dialogue contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form. Although comics have some origins in 18th century in Eastern Asia, comic books were first popularized in the United States and the United Kingdom during the 1930s. The first modern comic book, Famous Funnies, was released in the US in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term comic book derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.
Manga are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term manga is used in Japan to refer to both comics and cartooning. Outside of Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in the country.
Manhwa is the general Korean term for comics and print cartoons. Outside Korea, the term usually refers to South Korean comics. Manhwa is a notable part of South Korean culture but has extended its reach to many other countries. These comics have branched outside of Korea by access of Webtoons and have created an impact that has resulted in many movie and television show adaptations.
Manhua are Chinese comics produced in China. Whilst Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China in some shape or form throughout its imperial history, the term manhua first appeared in 1904 in a comic titled Current Affairs Comics or shíshì mànhuà (时事漫画) in the Shanghai-based newspaper Jingzhong Daily (警钟日报).
Digital comics are comics released digitally, as opposed to in print. Digital comics commonly take the form of mobile comics. Webcomics may also fall under the "digital comics" umbrella.
Webtoons (Korean: 웹툰) are a type of digital comic that originated in South Korea usually meant to be read on computers and smartphones.
Michael E. Uslan is an American producer of the Batman films and was the first instructor to teach an accredited course on comic book folklore at any university.
The Naver Corporation is a South Korean internet conglomerate headquartered in Seongnam that operates the search engine Naver. Naver established itself as an early pioneer in the use of user-generated content through the creation of the online Q&A platform Knowledge iN. Naver also manages global mobile services such as the mobile messenger LINE, video messenger SNOW, and group communication service BAND.
Skybound Entertainment is an American multiplatform entertainment company founded by Robert Kirkman and David Alpert.
Tower of God is a South Korean manhwa released as a webtoon written and illustrated by S.I.U. It has been serialized in Naver Corporation's webtoon platform Naver Webtoon since June 2010, with the individual chapters collected and published by Young Com into nine volumes as of March 2022. Tower of God received official English translations by Line Webtoon beginning in July 2014.
Yoon Tae-ho is a South Korean manhwa artist. He is best known for writing the webtoons Moss and Misaeng.
KakaoPage is a monetized content platform optimized for mobile devices, launched by the Kakao Corp. in 2013 and currently owned by its subsidiary Kakao Entertainment. The service launched on April 9, 2013 as a digital content marketplace allowing brands and individuals to create and distribute visual, audio and written content such as manhwa and genre fiction. It entered the Indonesian market in 2018 and Taiwan in 2020.
The history of webcomics follows the advances of technology, art, and business of comics on the Internet. The first comics were shared through the Internet in the mid-1980s. Some early webcomics were derivatives from print comics, but when the World Wide Web became widely popular in the mid-1990s, more people started creating comics exclusively for this medium. By the year 2000, various webcomic creators were financially successful and webcomics became more artistically recognized.
Tapas, formerly known as Tapastic and originally known as Comic Panda, is a South Korean webtoon and prose publishing website and app owned by Tapas Media, a Kakao Entertainment company. It was created by entrepreneur Chang Kim in 2012, who is currently Tapas Media's CEO.
Webtoon is a South Korean webtoon publisher launched in 2004 by Naver Corporation. As the name suggests, it publishes webtoons, compact digital comics in South Korea.
Delitoon is a French webtoon service established by Didier Borg in 2011. Initially solely a Casterman product, Delitoon has since been partly acquired by Daou Technology Inc. and has partnered with Sina Weibo. Delitoon offers a large variety of both Korean and French webtoons and makes use of a micropayment system.
Lezhin Comics is a webtoon portal that was founded by South Korean blogger Han Hee-sung in 2013. It is based in South Korea and its services are offered in Korean, Japanese and English.
"Bongcheon-Dong Ghost" is a short South Korean horror webtoon created by Horang in 2011. Part of The Vault of Horror: A Collection of Nightmares , "Bongcheon-Dong Ghost" is an urban ghost story that uses animation to deliver jump scares. The webcomic went viral shortly after its release.
True Beauty, also known as The Secret of Angel and other names, is a South Korean webtoon written and illustrated by Yaongyi. First published in Naver Webtoon since April 2, 2018, it centers on a young woman who mastered the art of makeup in her teenage years in order to transform herself into a gorgeous "goddess" after being bullied and discriminated because of being perceived as ugly.
Hooky is a fantasy adventure webcomic written and illustrated by Spanish author Míriam Bonastre Tur. Originally serialized as a webtoon on Naver Corporation's Webtoon app from 2015 to 2020, Hooky was eventually released in print by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2021.
References
- ↑ Lee, Woo-young (2016-08-16). "[Hallyu Power] Korean webtoons make big strides in global comics market". Korea Herald.
- ↑ "HuffPo's Korean Comics Partnership Has Strong Content and Weak Experience". The New York Observer . 24 November 2015.
- ↑ "Spottoon - A New Multilingual Web Comic Platform".