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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century chivalric romance in Middle English alliterative verse. The author is unknown; the title was given centuries later. It is one of the best-known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folk motifs: the beheading game and the exchange of winnings. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel, it draws on Welsh, Irish, and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important example of a chivalric romance, which typically involves a hero who goes on a quest which tests his prowess. It remains popular in modern English renderings from J. R. R. Tolkien, Simon Armitage, and others, as well as through film and stage adaptations.
In prosody, alliterative verse is a form of verse that uses alliteration as the principal device to indicate the underlying metrical structure, as opposed to other devices such as rhyme. The most commonly studied traditions of alliterative verse are those found in the oldest literature of the Germanic languages, where scholars use the term 'alliterative poetry' rather broadly to indicate a tradition which not only shares alliteration as its primary ornament but also certain metrical characteristics. The Old English epic Beowulf, as well as most other Old English poetry, the Old High German Muspilli, the Old Saxon Heliand, the Old Norse Poetic Edda, and many Middle English poems such as Piers Plowman, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Layamon's Brut and the Alliterative Morte Arthur all use alliterative verse.
The Green Knight is a heroic character of the Matter of Britain, originating in the 14th-century poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the related medieval work The Greene Knight. His true name is revealed to be Bertilak de Hautdesert in Sir Gawain, while The Greene Knight names him "Bredbeddle". The Green Knight later features as one of Arthur's greatest champions in the fragmentary ballad King Arthur and King Cornwall, again with the name "Bredbeddle".
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The beheading game is a literary trope found in Irish mythology and medieval chivalric romance. The trope consists of a stranger who arrives at a royal court and challenges a hero to an exchange of blows: the hero may decapitate the stranger, but the stranger may then inflict the same wound upon the hero. The supernatural nature of the stranger, which makes this possible, is only revealed when he retrieves his severed head. When the hero submits himself to the return blow, he is rewarded for his valour and is left with only a minor wound. The hero is seen as coming of age by undergoing the exchange of blows, and his symbolic death and rebirth is represented by the feigned return blow.
Constance Bartlett Hieatt was an American scholar with a broad interest in medieval languages and literatures, including Old Norse literature, Anglo-Saxon prosody and literature, and Middle English language, literature, and culture. She was an editor and translator of Karlamagnús saga, of Beowulf, and a scholar of Geoffrey Chaucer. She was particularly known as one of the world's foremost experts in English medieval cooking and cookbooks, and authored and co-authored a number of important books considered essential publications in the field.
Carol Braun Pasternack was a professor of medieval English literature and language at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) from 1988 to 2013. She chaired the Medieval Studies department, and was also Dean of Summer Sessions at UCSB in 2011–2013.
Angela Care Evans,, is an archaeologist and former Curator in the department of Britain, Europe, and Prehistory at the British Museum. She has published extensively on the Sutton Hoo Mound 1 artefacts and early medieval metalwork.
The Keys of Middle-earth: Discovering Medieval Literature Through the Fiction of J.R.R. Tolkien is a 2005 book by Stuart Lee and Elizabeth Solopova. It is meant to provide an understanding of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings in the context of medieval literature, including Old and Middle English and Old Norse, but excluding other relevant languages such as Finnish.
Katherine L. Jansen is an American historian and professor of medieval history at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. She also has served as visiting professor at the Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University.
Alexandra Anne Talbot Barratt (née Carr) is a New Zealand academic, and is professor emerita at the University of Waikato. Barratt is a specialist in medieval manuscripts.
Kathryn Margaret Wallsnée Meek is a New Zealand scholar of English literature, and is an emeritus professor at Victoria University of Wellington, specialising in English literature from the Middle Ages to present day.
References
- ↑ "VIAF authority record". Virtual International Authority File. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
- 1 2 "Professores Emeriti – The University of Auckland". www.calendar.auckland.ac.nz. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
- ↑ "Who's Who in Humanities: Stephanie Hollis". humanities.academickeys.com. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
- 1 2 "Notes on Contributors". Parergon. 32 (2): 411–413. 2015. doi:10.1353/pgn.2015.0148. ISSN 1832-8334.
- ↑ De Boni, Dita (25 October 2002). "Students joust with knights – New Zealand News". NZ Herald. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
- ↑ "AHLT trustees | Auckland Library Heritage Trust". www.alht.org.nz. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
- ↑ Gillespie, Alexandra (1 January 2009). "Stephanie Hollis and Alexandra Barratt, Eds.: Migrations: Medieval Manuscripts in New Zealand". The Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study of Manuscripts and Printing History. 12: 290–293.
- ↑ "Introduction to Manuscript Studies , and: Migrations: Medieval Manuscripts in New Zealand , and: Essays in Manuscript Geography: Vernacular Manuscripts of the English West Midlands from the Conquest to the Sixteenth Century , and: The Medieval Imagination: Illuminated Manuscripts from Cambridge, Australia and New Zealand (review)". Parergon. 25 (2): 136–138. 2008. doi:10.1353/pgn.0.0067. ISSN 1832-8334.
- ↑ Jones, Chris (2015). "A Warning to the Curious: Medieval and Early Modern Collections in Aotearoa New Zealand". Parergon. 32 (2): 1–16. doi:10.1353/pgn.2015.0084. ISSN 1832-8334.
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