Stephen Anderson Smith (born March 9, 1962) is an American environmentalist, clean energy advocate and peace activist. He was a former Democratic nominee for Tennessee's 2nd congressional district in the United States House Representatives in 1996. In 1988, Smith was a cofounder of the Foundation for Global Sustainability [1] and the Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance (OREPA). [2] He is currently the Executive Director of the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy and the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy Action Fund.
Stephen Smith was the second son of Rapahel Ford Smith III and Dorothy B. Smith. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts while his father was finishing his medical training at the Harvard Medical School. [3] He spent his formative years in Pensacola, Florida and Nashville, Tennessee and currently lives in Knoxville, Tennessee. He graduated with a bachelor of science degree in biology and chemistry from Kentucky Wesleyan College in 1988 and a doctorate in veterinary medicine from the University of Tennessee in 1992. Smith volunteered as an environmental advocate while attending college and veterinary school. He left his veterinary practice to focus on environmental advocacy in 1999.[ citation needed ]
In 1988, Smith was a cofounder of the Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance (OREPA) and the Foundation for Global Sustainability which later spawned the Tennessee Clean Water Network and Wild South. [1] Smith while working with OREPA helped expose the environmental damage and radioactive contamination from nuclear weapons production at the Oak Ridge Nuclear Weapons Complex and advocated for the end of nuclear weapons production at the Oak Ridge Y-12 nuclear facility. In 1989, he was the lead author of the Citizen’s Guide to Oak Ridge detailing the extensive environmental damage for the general public. [4] [5] In 1990, Smith helped publicly document extensive contamination of TVA's Watts Bar Reservoir with over 75 metric tons of the heavy metal mercury, and radioactive cesium and plutonium from Oak Ridge’s historic operations. [6] [7]
Smith ran for political office in 1996, running for Tennessee’s 2nd congressional district against long time Republican Jimmy Duncan. [8] A predominantly Republican leaning district, Smith was able to get the second highest percentage of votes of any of Duncan's Democratic opponents with almost 30%. [9]
The Tennessee Valley Authority runs the Kingston Fossil Plant, a coal-fired power plant near Knoxville, where, in December 2008, billions of gallons of coal ash were spilled. The toxic sludge covered 300 acres, destroyed three houses, and polluted a river. Due to the event, the Senate Environment and Public Works committee held a hearing on the Tennessee coal ash spill asking Smith to testify. He testified that "The lack of regulation we have right now is unacceptable, and that is one of the reasons why this accident has happened." [10]
Smith also helped lead Floridians 4 Lower Energy Costs to successfully pass a statewide solar initiative, Amendment 4, in August 2016. The victory led to a Florida Bill 90, which went before the Florida legislature in 2017. [11] In May 2017, Bill 90 passed the Florida Senate with unanimous support, following unanimous approval from the Florida House of Representatives and signed into law by Governor Rick Scott. [12] The tax exemption will apply for 20 years on solar and renewable energy devices.
In the November 2016 General Election, Florida had a solar ballot measure, heavily backed financially by the Florida utilities, [13] which would have restricted the expansion of solar rooftop power. Smith and Floridians for Solar Choice led a grass-roots coalition to ultimately bring down the initiative that had $25 million in utility-company funding behind it. This coalition reached across party lines to join environmentalists, Tea Party free marketers, solar companies, and elected officials to defeat this proposal. [13]
• Two terms on the Regional Energy Resource Council for TVA [14]
• Tennessee Valley – Renewable Energy Information Exchange [15]
• Secretary of Energy’s Tennessee Valley Electric System Advisory Committee
• TVA’s Integrated Resource Plan Stakeholder Review Group [16]
• TVA’s Green Power Marketing Team
• Regional Resource Stewardship Council [17] [18]
• Energy Vision 2020 Integrated Resource Plan Review Group [19]
• Tennessee Energy Policy Council [20]
His current initiatives include pushing Florida to the number one position in rooftop solar, organizing energy efficiency initiatives for low income persons in Memphis, [21] addressing risky nuclear activities, [22] and supporting clean energy legislators throughout the southeast. [23]
Tennessee, officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the southwest, and Missouri to the northwest. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions of East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, and anchors its largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. Tennessee's population as of the 2020 United States census is approximately 6.9 million.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a federally funded research and development center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1943, the laboratory is now sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by UT–Battelle, LLC.
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned electric utility corporation in the United States. TVA's service area covers all of Tennessee, portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, and small areas of Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. While owned by the federal government, TVA receives no taxpayer funding and operates similarly to a private for-profit company. It is headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee, and is the sixth-largest power supplier and largest public utility in the country.
Oak Ridge is a city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, about 25 miles (40 km) west of downtown Knoxville. Oak Ridge's population was 31,402 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area. Oak Ridge's nicknames include the Atomic City, the Secret City, and the City Behind the Fence.
East Tennessee is one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee defined in state law. Geographically and socioculturally distinct, it comprises approximately the eastern third of the U.S. state of Tennessee. East Tennessee consists of 33 counties, 30 located within the Eastern Time Zone and three counties in the Central Time Zone, namely Bledsoe, Cumberland, and Marion. East Tennessee is entirely located within the Appalachian Mountains, although the landforms range from densely forested 6,000-foot (1,800 m) mountains to broad river valleys. The region contains the major cities of Knoxville and Chattanooga, Tennessee's third and fourth largest cities, respectively, and the Tri-Cities, the state's sixth largest population center.
The Clinch River is a river that flows southwest for more than 300 miles (480 km) through the Great Appalachian Valley in the U.S. states of Virginia and Tennessee, gathering various tributaries, including the Powell River, before joining the Tennessee River in Kingston, Tennessee.
The Y-12 National Security Complex is a United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration facility located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was built as part of the Manhattan Project for the purpose of enriching uranium for the first atomic bombs. It is considered the birthplace of the atomic bomb. In the years after World War II, it has been operated as a manufacturing facility for nuclear weapons components and related defense purposes.
Duke Energy Corporation is an American electric power and natural gas holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Jacobs Solutions Inc. is an American international technical professional services firm. The company provides engineering, technical, professional and construction services, as well as scientific and specialty consulting for a broad range of clients globally, including companies, organizations, and government agencies. Jacobs has consistently ranked No. 1 on both Engineering News-Record (ENR)'s 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 Top 500 Design Firms and Trenchless Technology’s 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 Top 50 Trenchless Engineering Firms. Its worldwide annual revenue reached over $14 billion in the 2021 fiscal year, and earnings rose to $477 million.
Oak Ridge High School is the public high school for Oak Ridge, Tennessee, enrolling grades 9 through 12. It was established in 1943 to educate the children of Manhattan Project workers.
Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) is a consortium of American universities headquartered in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, with offices in Arvada, Colorado, Cincinnati, Ohio, and staff at other locations across the country.
Kingston Fossil Plant, commonly known as Kingston Steam Plant, is a 1.4-gigawatt coal-fired power plant located in Roane County, just outside Kingston, Tennessee on the shore of Watts Bar Lake. It is operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The plant is known for the Kingston Fossil Plant fly ash spill which occurred in December 2008.
Simon David Freeman was an American engineer, attorney, and author, who had many key roles in energy policy. After working with the Tennessee Valley Authority, first as an engineer and later as an attorney, he was selected to sit on energy committees by Lyndon Johnson in 1967. He then worked with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, before returning to the TVA as chairman at the request of Jimmy Carter. After finishing his term, Freeman headed several public utilities companies, most notably the New York Power Authority, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.
The Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill was an environmental and industrial disaster that occurred on Monday December 22, 2008, when a dike ruptured at a coal ash pond at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant in Roane County, Tennessee, releasing 1.1 billion US gallons of coal fly ash slurry. The coal-fired power plant, located across the Clinch River from the city of Kingston, used a series of ponds to store and dewater the fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion. The spill released a slurry of fly ash and water, which traveled across the Emory River and its Swan Pond embayment, onto the opposite shore, covering up to 300 acres (1.2 km2) of the surrounding land. The spill damaged multiple homes and flowed into nearby waterways including the Emory River and Clinch River, both tributaries of the Tennessee River. It was the largest industrial spill in United States history.
The Southern Alliance for Clean Energy (SACE) is a nonprofit advocacy group that promotes the use of clean energy in the southeastern United States.
The U.S. state of Tennessee contains a diverse economy that is made up of many sectors with a mix of industries including manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and tourism. The state is home to several major corporations, including FedEx, the largest courier company in the world, and AutoZone, the largest retailer of auto parts in the United States.
The Paradise Combined Cycle Plant is a natural gas power plant operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Located just east of Drakesboro, Kentucky, it was the highest power capacity power plant in Kentucky. The plant currently has a capacity of 1.02-gigawatts. The plant originally consisted of three coal units, with a combined capacity of 2,632 MW. Units 1 and 2 were retired in 2017, and replaced with the natural gas units, and Unit 3 was retired in 2020.
Wind power in Tennessee has most potential in East Tennessee along the North Carolina border. The state has not passed renewable portfolio standard legislation and there is just one utility-scale wind farm with 15 operating turbines and previously 3 test turbines. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), based in Knoxville, imports wind-generated electricity into its service area which includes Tennessee. US Senator Lamar Alexander from Tennessee is an outspoken critic of wind power.
Wind power in Kentucky has limited potential for development within the state since there are generally low wind speeds, though there are specific locations where it can be effective. The state has not passed renewable portfolio standard legislation and there are no commercial-scale wind turbines. Kentucky may benefit from the development of wind power in Tennessee, an adjoining state with which it is collaborating, and from efforts by the Tennessee Valley Authority to both develop and import wind-generated electricity into the region.
Phipps Bend Nuclear Plant was a planned nuclear power generation facility that was to be constructed and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in unincorporated Hawkins County, Tennessee. Proposed to house two reactor units, the power plant was estimated to cost $1.6 billion when it was first planned in late 1977, provide a generating capacity of 2,600,000 kilowatts. Following negative public reactions towards nuclear energy following the Three Mile Island accident and a decreasing demand for power due to regional economic decline, the TVA's board of directors voted to defer further construction of the power plant. By 1981, the plant was 40% complete and an estimated $1.5 billion in planning, engineering, and construction costs had accumulated. Construction never resumed, and the project was canceled overall in 1982 due to lower load growth than forecast. By the project's cancellation, the TVA had amassed over $2.6 billion in spending for the incomplete nuclear facility. After being auctioned off by the TVA in 1987, the land acquired for the plant would be under the ownership of Hawkins County's industrial development board, who converted most of the site into an industrial park. A 1 MW solar farm was built at the site in 2017.