Store Kongensgade Faience Manufactury, active from 1722 to the late 1770s, was a faience ceramics manufacturer located on Store Kongensgade in Copenhagen. It was the first manufacturer of faience in the Nordic countries. It is especially remembered for its bishop-bowls and tray tables but has also produced decorative tiles for several historic buildings.
On 27 November 1722, Frederick IV granted a consortium a royal license to establish a faience manufactury in Copenhagen with a monopoly on the production of faience with blue decorations. The factory was located at the corner of Store Kongensgade and present-day Fredericiagade and variously referred to as Delf's Porcelins Fabrique or Hollandsch Steentøjs Fabrique. One of the founders was Rasmus Æreboe. [1]
The first director of the factory was Johan Wolff. He was succeeded by Johan Ernst Pfau (c. 1685-1752) in 1728.
Christian Gierløf (1706-86), a brewer, took over the factory in 1749. He was soon faced with new competition, both from Jacob Fortling's Kastrup Værk on Amager, an enterprise in Schlesvig and especially a faience manufactury established by Peter Hofnagel in Østerbro. Hofnagel had previously owned Herrebö Faience Manufactury in Norway. The factory in Store Kongensgade struggled up through the 1760sm culminating with the termination of its monopoly on faience with blue decorations in 1769. It closed before 1779. [2]
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A characteristic product from the faience factory in Store Kongensgade was so-called bishop-bowl, a type of punch bowl designed in the shape of a mitre (bishop's hat) and used for serving an alcoholic drink known as "bishop". The factory is also known for its tray tables. The porcelain has usually blue but manganese violet decorations are occasionally seen. More everyday items and tiles were also produced at the factory.
The tiles in the Queen's Pancake Kitchen at Frederiksberg Palace (1735) and on the staircase in the Hermitage in Jægersborg Dyrehave north of Copenhagen (1737) came from the factory in Store Kongensgade. [2]
A tray table (1749-1771), a punch bowl (1740) and a Plateau (1726) from the factory are on display in The David Collection in Copenhagen. [3]
Delftware or Delft pottery, also known as Delft Blue or as delf, is a general term now used for Dutch tin-glazed earthenware, a form of faience. Most of it is blue and white pottery, and the city of Delft in the Netherlands was the major centre of production, but the term covers wares with other colours, and made elsewhere. It is also used for similar pottery, English delftware.
"Blue and white pottery" covers a wide range of white pottery and porcelain decorated under the glaze with a blue pigment, generally cobalt oxide. The decoration is commonly applied by hand, originally by brush painting, but nowadays by stencilling or by transfer-printing, though other methods of application have also been used. The cobalt pigment is one of the very few that can withstand the highest firing temperatures that are required, in particular for porcelain, which partly accounts for its long-lasting popularity. Historically, many other colours required overglaze decoration and then a second firing at a lower temperature to fix that.
The city of Rouen, Normandy has been a centre for the production of faience or tin-glazed earthenware pottery, since at least the 1540s. Unlike Nevers faience, where the earliest potters were immigrants from Italy, who at first continued to make wares in Italian maiolica styles with Italian methods, Rouen faience was essentially French in inspiration, though later influenced by East Asian porcelain. As at Nevers, a number of styles were developed and several were made at the same periods.
French porcelain has a history spanning a period from the 17th century to the present. The French were heavily involved in the early European efforts to discover the secrets of making the hard-paste porcelain known from Chinese and Japanese export porcelain. They succeeded in developing soft-paste porcelain, but Meissen porcelain was the first to make true hard-paste, around 1710, and the French took over 50 years to catch up with Meissen and the other German factories.
Kastrup Værk was a pottery and tile works in Kastrup, now a suburb of Copenhagen, on the Danish island of Amager.
Events from the year 1722 in Denmark.
The Musée de la Faïence de Marseille was a museum in southern Marseille, France, dedicated to faience, a type of pottery. It opened to the public in June 1995, in Château Pastré at 157, Avenue de Montredon 13008 Marseille. It closed on 31 December 2012, to allow for the transfer of its collections to the new faience museum at Château Borély, the Museum of the Decorative Arts, Fashion and Ceramics, as part of preparations for Marseille becoming the European Capital of Culture in 2013.
Honoré Savy (1725–1790) was the founder of a factory that manufactured faience wares in Marseille, France, between 1749 and 1790. He is associated with the Veuve Perrin and Leroy factories.
The Clérissy faience factories or ateliers Clérissy were the main pottery factories making Moustiers faience, operated by members of the Clérissy family in Moustiers-Sainte-Marie in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in Marseille, France, and later Varages and elsewhere. Family members continued to produce faïence in different locations until 1733.
The Matthias Hansen House, formerly also known as the Schoustrup House, is a Renaissance-style townhouse on Amagertorv in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Built in 1616, it is one of few buildings of its kind which has survived the Copenhagen Fires of 1728 and 1795. The building is now home to a flagship store for the Royal Copenhagen porcelain factory.
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Herman August Kähler, usually known as Herman A. Kähler, was a Danish ceramic designer and manufacturer who ran the Kähler ceramic factory in Næstved, Denmark. His daughter Sigrid married the painter L.A. Ring.
Kähler Keramik is a Danish ceramics manufacturer based in Næstved on the island of Zealand.
A bishop-bowl is a punch bowl made of faience and shaped in the form of a mitre that was popular in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein in the eighteenth end nineteenth centuries. The alcoholic drink served from the bowl was known as "bishop".
The Schäffer House is an 18th-century, bourgeois townhouse located at Magstræde 6 in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. The building is also called Hofsnedkerens Gård after Diderich Schäffer for whom it was built. Schäffer's interior Rococo decorations from the first floor are now on display in the National Museum as part of the Magstræde Apartment.
The Royal Danish Silk Manufactury was located at Bredgade 34 and 36 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The building fronting the street at No. 34 was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and placed by the Danish Heritage Agency on 12 March 1951. The rear wings and the building at No.36 are not listed.
Karen Anna Hannover née Topsøe (1872–1943) was a Danish ceramist. With no formal education in art, while in Paris in 1892–94, she was inspired to take an interest in culture by her aunt, the painter Anna Petersen. This led to contacts with the artist Jens Ferdinand Willumsen and the poet Sophus Claussen. In 1897, she married the art historian Emil Hannover who took a special interest in ceramics. After spending several years raising a family, in 1910 she began to experiment with ceramics, participating in Landsforeningen Dansk Kunsthaandværk's exhibition at the Museum of Decorative Art in 1912. Thanks to her concern for quality, she went on to create white glazed faience works, sparsely tinted in green. Her jars and bowls were decorated with leafy vines, flowers and fruits, in some cases taking the form of fruits themselves.
Store Kongensgade 77 is a property on Store Kongensgade, opposite Frederik's Church, in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1964.
Brøndumgård is a Neoclassical town mansion from 1804 situated at Store Kongensgade 110 in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1918. Changing breweries or distilleries were from the beginning of the 18th century until 1918 operated on the rear of the property. It was from 1842 owned by Anders Brøndum for whom two rear wings, neither of which are listed, were constructed in the 1850s. The entire complex was converted into condominiums in 2007–10.
Store Kongensgade 23 is a Neoclassical mixed-use building situated in Store Kongensgade in Copenhagen, Denmark. The building fronting the street was constructed by master mason Christian Olsen Aagaard in 1850. Aagaard had already constructed the adjacent building at No. 25 in 1837, whose ground floor hosted the Royal Court Pharmacy from 1850 until 1971. The two buildings share a courtyard on their rear. At the far end of the courtyard is a former silver factory constructed in 1887 by Bernhard Hertz according to his own design. The factory was decommissioned in 1942 and was later used as office space prior to being converted into apartments in 2018. Store Kongensgade 23 and the former silver factory were listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1989. No. 25 is not listed.