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| Content | |
| Description | predicted structures of all human proteins. |
| Organisms | Homo sapiens |
| Contact | |
| Research center | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo |
| Laboratory | Computational Biology Research Center |
| Authors | Chie Motono |
| Primary citation | Motono & al. (2011) [1] |
| Release date | 2010 |
| Access | |
| Website | http://bird.cbrc.jp/sahg |
The Structure atlas of human genome (SAHG) is a database of protein-structure-prediction. [1]
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity.
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes translating mRNA into polypeptide chains, which may then undergo PTM to form the mature protein product. PTMs are important components in cell signaling, as for example when prohormones are converted to hormones.
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending on their location. Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of a membrane. Peripheral membrane proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane.
In genetics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the genome. Although certain definitions require the substitution to be present in a sufficiently large fraction of the population, many publications do not apply such a frequency threshold.
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by interactions that include electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect. Many are physical contacts with molecular associations between chains that occur in a cell or in a living organism in a specific biomolecular context.
Heat shock protein 47, also known as SERPINH1 is a serpin which serves as a human chaperone protein for collagen.
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATIC gene.
Ribosomal particles are denoted according to their sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units. The 60S subunit is the large subunit of eukaryotic 80S ribosomes. It is structurally and functionally related to the 50S subunit of 70S prokaryotic ribosomes. However, the 60S subunit is much larger than the prokaryotic 50S subunit and contains many additional protein segments, as well as ribosomal RNA expansion segments.
Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZEB2 gene. The ZEB2 protein is a transcription factor that plays a role in the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways that are essential during early fetal development.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR34 gene.
Elongation factor 1-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF1B2 gene.
40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS4X gene.
Transcription factor MafG is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the MAFG gene.
Transcription factor MafK is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the MAFK gene.
Transcription factor MafF is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the MAFF gene.
Transcription factor HIVEP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIVEP2 gene.
High-mobility group protein B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB3 gene.
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 20 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBTB20 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL26 gene.
The human interactome is the set of protein–protein interactions that occur in human cells. The sequencing of reference genomes, in particular the Human Genome Project, has revolutionized human genetics, molecular biology, and clinical medicine. Genome-wide association study results have led to the association of genes with most Mendelian disorders, and over 140 000 germline mutations have been associated with at least one genetic disease. However, it became apparent that inherent to these studies is an emphasis on clinical outcome rather than a comprehensive understanding of human disease; indeed to date the most significant contributions of GWAS have been restricted to the “low-hanging fruit” of direct single mutation disorders, prompting a systems biology approach to genomic analysis. The connection between genotype and phenotype remain elusive, especially in the context of multigenic complex traits and cancer. To assign functional context to genotypic changes, much of recent research efforts have been devoted to the mapping of the networks formed by interactions of cellular and genetic components in humans, as well as how these networks are altered by genetic and somatic disease.
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