The Bharatiya Janata Party is a political party in India,and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Since 2014,it has been the ruling political party in India under Narendra Modi,the incumbent Indian prime minister. The BJP is aligned with right-wing politics,and its policies have historically reflected a traditional Hindu nationalist ideology;it has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). As 6 January 2023,it is the country's largest political party in terms of representation in the Parliament of India as well as state legislatures.
The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress,is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
The Rajya Sabha,constitutionally the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2022,it has a maximum membership of 245,of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social services. The potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years,with about a third of the 238 designates up for election every two years,in even-numbered years. Unlike the Lok Sabha,the Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution. However,the Rajya Sabha,like the Lok Sabha,can be prorogued by the president.
The Lok Sabha,constitutionally the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan,New Delhi.
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was an Indian right wing political party that existed from 1951 to 1977 and was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS),a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation. In 1977,it merged with several other left,centre and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party. In 1980,Jana Sangh faction broke away from Janata Party over the issue of dual membership,and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda is an Indian politician from the state of Karnataka. He served as the 11th prime minister of India from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997. He was previously the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. He presently is a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha representing Karnataka. He is the National President of the Janata Dal (Secular) party.
The 14th Lok Sabha was convened after the 2004 Indian general election held in four phases during 20 April –10 May 2004,which led to the formation of first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.
Mizoram is the only Lok Sabha constituency in the Northeast Indian state of Mizoram,and covers the entire area of the state. The seat is reserved for Scheduled Tribes. Its first member of parliament (MP) was Sangliana of the Mizo Union who represented this constituency in the Fifth Lok Sabha when it became a union territory on 21 January 1972. On 20 February 1987,Mizoram was converted into a State of India. As of the 2019 elections,this constituency's MP is C. Lalrosanga of the Mizo National Front.
Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency is the only Lok Sabha in the Northeastern state of Nagaland.
Indrajit Gupta was an Indian politician who belonged to the Communist Party of India (CPI). From 1996 to 1998,he served as Union Home Minister in the United Front governments of prime ministers H. D. Deve Gowda and I. K. Gujral. That was a dramatic reversal of roles,as the home ministry had,since independence in 1947,banned the CPI thrice,with many of its members,including Gupta,being sent to prison or pushed underground for long stretches. He was one of the longest-serving member having been elected eleven times to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament.He suffered his only electoral reverse when he lost to Ashok Krishna Dutt in 1977 after the CPI supported Emergency.
Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 26 Lok Sabha constituencies in Gujarat,a state in Western India. Gandhinagar is the capital of Gujarat. It is one of the most prestigious parliamentary constituencies in India,being represented by former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee,former Deputy Prime Minister LK Advani and the current Home Minister and former BJP chief Amit Shah. The constituency was created in 1967 and its first member of parliament (MP) was Somchandbhai Solanki of the Indian National Congress (INC).
Mayiladuthurai is a Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 28 of 39. It spreads on two districts,Mayiladuthurai and Thanjavur.
Subhash C. Kashyap is a former Secretary-General of 7th Lok Sabha,8th Lok Sabha and 9th Lok Sabha and Lok Sabha Secretariat from 1984 to 1990. He is also a well known political scientist,an expert in the Indian Constitution,Constitutional Law,Parliamentary Experts and a distinguished scholar. He also headed an International Centre for Parliamentary Documentation,IPU at Geneva till 1983. Kashyap was Honorary Constitutional Advisor to the Government of India on Panchayati Raj Laws and Institutions. He is also Recipient of several prestigious awards for the Best Books in Constitution,Law and Political Science. At present Dr. Kashyap is an Honorary Research Professor at the Centre for Policy Research (CPR),New Delhi. He was also a Member of the National Commission to Review the Working of Constitution and Chairman of its Drafting and Editorial Committee.
Sheo Sharan Verma was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament from Machhlishahr in Uttar Pradesh in 1980,1989 and 1991 as a member of the Janata Dal.
A Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha is the representative of the Indian states to the one of the two houses of the Parliament of India. Rajya Sabha MPs are elected by the electoral college of the elected members of the State Assembly with a system of proportional representation by a single transferable vote. Parliament of India is bicameral with two houses;Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The total number of members of Rajya Sabha are lesser than the Members of Parliament in the Lok Sabha and have more restricted power than the lower house. Unlike membership to the Lok Sabha,membership to the Rajya Sabha is permanent body and cannot be dissolved at any time. However every second year,one third of the members are retired and vacancy are filled up by fresh elections and Presidential nomination at the beginning of every third year.
Balvantbhai Manvar is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Porbandar in Gujarat as a member of the Janata Dal.
Kamala Kumari Kareddula is an Indian politician. She was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Bhadrachalam,Andhra Pradesh as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Bengali Singh is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from Hathras,Uttar Pradesh as a member of the Janata Dal.
Barelal Jatav is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Morena,Madhya Pradesh as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Vidura Vithoba Nawale is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.
India