The economy of Egypt used to be a highly centralized economy, focused on import substitution under president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970). During the rule of president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2014–present), the economy follows Egypt's 2030 Vision. The policy is aimed at diversifying Egypt's economy. The country's economy is the second largest in Africa by nominal GDP, and 38th in worldwide ranking as of 2023.
Transport in Egypt is centered in Cairo and largely follows the pattern of settlement along the Nile. The Ministry of Transportation and other government bodies are responsible for transportation in Egypt, whether by sea, river, land or air.
Ismailia Governorate is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. Located in the northeastern part of the country, its capital is the city of Ismailia. It was named after Ismail Pasha, who as Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt, oversaw the country during the building of the Suez Canal. It is located between the other two Canal governorates; Port Said Governorate, in the Northern part of Egypt and Suez Governorate.
Suez Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the north-eastern part of the country and is coterminous with the city of Suez. It is situated north of the Gulf of Suez.
Port Said Governorate is a subdivision located at the northeast end of the Nile Delta, on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea at the northern mouth of the Suez Canal. It is wholly urban, comprising the original Port Said city on the west bank of the Suez Canal, and the town of Port Fuad on the eastern bank.
The Suez Company or Suez Canal Company, full initial name Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez, sometimes colloquially referred to in French as Le Suez, was a company formed by Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1858 to operate the Egyptian granted concession of the Suez Canal, which the company built between 1859 and 1869. Initially, French investors held half of the Company's stock, with Egypt's ruler Sa'id Pasha holding most of the balance. In 1875, financial distress forced Sa'id's successor Isma'il Pasha to sell the country's shares to the government of the United Kingdom. The Suez Company operated the canal until Egypt's new president Gamal Abdel Nasser revoked its concession in 1956 and transferred canal operation to the state-owned Suez Canal Authority, precipitating the Suez Crisis.
The Suez Port is an Egyptian port located at the northern tip of the Gulf of Suez on the Red Sea at southern entrance of the Suez Canal, serving the canal and the city of Suez. It is owned and operated by the Ministry of Transport's General Authority of Red Sea Ports, and is home to the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) shipyards.
Egyptian National Railways is the national railway of Egypt and managed by the parastatal Egyptian Railway Authority.
Suez is a seaport town in north-eastern Egypt.
According to the Fourth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2005–2010), the Privatization Organization of Iran affiliated with the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance is in charge of setting prices and ceding shares to the general public and on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The privatization effort is primarily backed by reformist members of the Iranian government and society who hope that privatization can bring about economic and social change.
Ezz Steel is the largest steel company in Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa Region,. It was founded in 1994 by Ahmed Ezz, an entrepreneur and former National Democratic Party MP, who was tried for profiteering and squandering public funds after the 2011 revolution, in a case that was settled for $96 million in 2018. In 1999, Ezz Steel was listed on the Egyptian Exchange under the ticker symbol ESRS, and has depositary receipts listed on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol AEZD. As of March 2023, Ahmed Ezz owned 60.71% of Ezz Steel through his Ezz Holding Company, while the Bank of New York Mellon held 5.82% of the company. Currently, Ezz Steel is listed as number 6 in Forbes' Top 50 Listed Companies in Egypt 2023.
CJSC Transmashholding is the largest manufacturer of locomotives and rail equipment in Russia and after merging with LocoTech service the fourth largest engineering company in the field of transport technology globally.
Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt directly impact the country's public health, industrial developments, and agriculture. Egypt's water and sanitation industry is characterized by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1998 and 2006 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth; the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period; and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an at least basic water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 98%. On the institutional side, the regulation and service provision have been separated to some extensions through the creation of a national Holding Company for Water and Wastewater in 2004, and of an economic regulator, the Egyptian Water Regulatory Agency (EWRA), in 2006. Despite these successes, many challenges remain. Only about one half of the population is connected to sanitary sewers. Because of this low sanitation coverage, about 50,000 children die each year because of diarrhea. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary increases without tariff increases after the Arab Spring. Furthermore, poor operation of facilities, such as water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as limited government accountability and transparency, are also issues.
Azimut Holding is an independent, global group in the asset management, wealth management, investment banking and fintech space, serving private and corporate clients.
The history of Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser covers the period of Egyptian history from the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, of which Gamal Abdel Nasser was one of the two principal leaders, spanning Nasser's presidency of Egypt from 1956 to his death in 1970. Nasser's tenure as Egypt's leader heralded a new period of modernisation and socialist reform in Egypt, along with a staunch advocacy of pan-Arab nationalism, and developing world solidarity. His prestige in Egypt and throughout the Arab World soared in the wake of his nationalisation of the Suez Canal Company in 1956, and Egypt's political victory in the subsequent Suez Crisis, but was damaged badly by Israel's victory in the Six-Day War.
Zamil Steel is a manufacturing and fabrication group that provides products, engineering systems and services for the construction industry. The company's headquarters is in Saudi Arabia. The company expanded its operations with the establishment of new factories in Egypt, India, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam.
Zamil Industrial Investment Co., better known as Zamil Industrial is a publicly listed company based in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Zamil Industrial is engaged in the development of various materials and equipment for use in the construction industry. Zamil Group Holding Company owns 20% of Zamil Industrial stocks, while the remaining share is owned by other companies and investors. It is listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul). According to Forbes Middle East, Zamil Industrial was among the top 500 companies in the Arab world in 2014.
Following the Arab Spring, the military tightened its control of the Egyptian economy. Details of the military's role in the economy are unclear given that statistics regarding the economy are absent or known to be wildly inaccurate.
Suez Canal Bank is an Egyptian bank, established as a joint-stock company in 1978 according to Law No. 43 (Infitah) in 1974. It is one of the oldest banks in the Egyptian private sector. The bank provides financial services to individual and corporate clients in Egypt and at its branch in Tripoli, Libya. The bank’s capital is £E2 billion, and it registered a profit of £E195 million at the end of 2015.
