Sulfate carbonate

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Hanksite Hanksite-27109.jpg
Hanksite

The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings. [1]

Contents

They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.

In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na2SO4•Na2CO3 is stable as a solid solution. [2] Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate [3] and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na2SO4 can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate. [4]

Minerals

nameformulasystemspace groupunit cellvolume

Å3

densityopticalref
Brianyoungite Zn12(CO3)3(SO4)(OH)16MonoclinicP21/ma = 15.724 b = 6.256 c = 5.427 β = 90°533.84.09Biaxial nα = 1.635 nβ = 1.650 [5]
Burkeite Na6(CO3)(SO4)2orthorhombica = 7.05 b = 9.21 c = 5.16335.042.57Biaxial (-) nα = 1.448 nβ = 1.489 nγ = 1.493

2V: measured: 34° , calculated: 32°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.045

 [6]
Caledonite Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6OrthorhombicPmn21a = 20.089 b = 7.146 c = 6.56941.75.77Biaxial (-) nα = 1.818(3) nβ = 1.866(3) nγ = 1.909(3)

2V: measured: 85° , calculated: 84°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.091

bluish green

 [7]
Carraraite Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OhexagonalP63/m?a = 11.056 c = 10.6291125.17Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.479(1) nε = 1.509(1)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

 [8]
Carbonatecyanotrichite Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2OOrthorhombicBiaxial (+) nα = 1.616 nβ = 1.630 nγ = 1.677

2V: measured: 55° to 60°, calculated: 60°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.061

pale blue

 [9]
Claraite (Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2OtriclinicP1a = 10.3343 b = 12.8212 c = 14.7889 α = 113.196°, β = 90.811°, γ = 89.818°1800.9 [10]
Ferrotychite Na6(Fe,Mn,Mg)2(CO3)4(SO4) [1] IsometricFd3a = 13.9622,721.72.79Isotropic n = 1.550 [11]
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2ClhexagonalP 63/ma = 10.4896 c = 21.24152024.12.562Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.481 nε = 1.461

Max birefringence: δ = 0.020

 [12]
Hauckite Fe3+3(Mg,Mn2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81hexagonalP6/mmma = 9.17 c = 30.2122003.02Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.630 nε = 1.638

Max birefringence: δ = 0.008

 [13]
Jouravskite Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHexagonalP63a = 11.0713 c = 10.6265 Z=31128.02Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.556 nε = 1.540

Max birefringence: δ = 0.016

 [14]
Korkinoite Ca4(SO4)2(CO3)2 · 9H2OOrthorhombicPmmmBiaxial (+) [15]
Latiumite (Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3)Monoclinica = 12.06 Å, b = 5.08 Å, c = 10.81 Å

β = 106°

636.6Biaxial (+/-) nα = 1.600 - 1.603 nβ = 1.606 - 1.609 nγ = 1.614 - 1.615

2V: measured: 83° to 90°, calculated: 84° to 88°

Max Birefringence: δ = 0.014

 [16]
Leadhillite Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2MonoclinicP21/ba = 9.11 b = 20.82 c = 11.59

β = 90.46°

21986.55Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.009 nγ = 2.010

2V: 10°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.140

 [17] [18]
Macphersonite Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2 [17] Orthorhombica = 10.38 b = 23.05 c = 9.2422211.8Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.000 nγ = 2.010

2V: measured: 35° calculated: 28°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.140

 [19]
Manganotychite Na6(Mn,Fe,Mg)2(SO4)(CO3)4 [17] IsometricFd3a = 13.99512,741.122.7n = 1.544 pink [20]
Mineevite-Y Na25BaY2(SO4)11(HCO3)4(CO3)2F2Cl [17] HexagonalP63/ma = 8.811 c = 37.03 Z=22489.6Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026

pale green

 [21]
Nakauriite Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6•48H2Oorthorhombica = 14.58 b = 11.47 c = 16.222,712.52.39blue

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.585 nβ = 1.604 nγ = 1.612

2V: measured: 65° , calculated: 64°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.027

 [22]
Nasledovite PbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5 · 5H2O3.069Biaxial [23]
Paraotwayite Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5xmonoclinica = 7.89 b = 2.96 c = 13.63 β = 91.1°3183.30Biaxial nα = 1.655 nγ = 1.705

Max birefringence: δ = 0.050

emerald-green

 [24]
Philolithite Pb12Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)4(CO3)4(SO4)O6(OH)12Cl4 [1] Tetragonala = 12.627 c = 12.5952008.2Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

apple green

 [25]
Putnisite SrCa4Cr83+(CO3)8(SO4)(OH)16·25 H2OOrthorhombicPnmaa = 15.351 b = 20.421 c = 18.270 Z = 45727.3Biaxial(-); α = 1.552 nβ = 1.583 nγ = 1.599

Max birefringence: δ =0.047

violet

 [26]
Pyroaurite Mg6Fe2(SO4,CO3)(OH)16·4H2OTrigonalR3_ma = 3.1094 c = 23.4117196.032.1Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.564 nε = 1.543

Max birefringence: δ = 0.021

 [27]
HexagonalP63/mmca = 3.113 c = 15.61131.01
Rapidcreekite Ca2(SO4)(CO3)•4H2Oorthorhombica = 15.49 b = 19.18 c = 6.151827.15Biaxial (+) nα = 1.516 nβ = 1.518 nγ = 1.531

2V: measured: 45° , calculated: 44°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.015

 [28]
Schröckingerite NaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F•10(H2O) [17] triclinicP1a = 9.634 b = 9.635 c = 14.391

α = 91.41(1)°, β = 92.33(1)°, γ = 120.26(1)°

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.495 nβ = 1.543 nγ = 1.544

Max birefringence: δ = 0.049

 [29]
Susannite Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2 [1] trigonalP3a = 9.07 Å, c = 11.57 Å Z=3824.626.52clear [30]
Tatarskite Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4•7H2O [31] Orthorhombic2.341nα = 1.567(2) nβ = 1.654(2) nγ = 1.722 biaxial(-) 2V=83 [32]
Thaumasite Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OhexagonalP63a = 11.030 c = 10.3961095.3Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.507 nε = 1.468

Max birefringence: δ = 0.039

 [33]
Tychite Na6Mg2(SO4)(CO3)4IsometricFd3a = 13.9038 Z=82687.822.456isotropic [34]
Alloriite Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O)trigonalP31ca = 12.892 c = 21.340 [35]
Potassium-SchröckingeriteKCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F•10H2Otriclinicyellow [36]

Artificial

nameformulaformula weightcrystal systemspace groupunit cellvolumedensityrefractive indexcommentCASreference
Na4CO3SO4HexagonalP3m1a=5.2284 c=6.8808 Z=12.538uniaxial (-) n=~1.45 [37] [38]
Mg4(OH)2(CO3)2SO4·6H2O [39]
LDH-SO4-CO3Mg6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2OP3ma=3.070 c=22.3layered [40]
Co6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O [40]
Cu6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O [40]
Complexes
Tetrammine carbonatocobalt(III) sulfate trihydrate[Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4·3H2OMonoclinicP21/ca=7.455 b=10.609 c=23.627 β =98.346 Z=418491.88dark red [41]
μ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate[Co(NH3)5]2CO3SO4·4H2Odark red49731-04-6 [42]
μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate[(NH3)3Co(μ-OH)2(μ-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4 . 5H2O500.21Triclinica= 6.6914 b= 11.2847 c= 11.825, α = 92.766 β= 99.096 γ= 101.496861.11.929dark red75476-69-6 [43]

Related Research Articles

Sodium carbonate Chemical compound

Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odourless, water-soluble salts that yield moderately alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants growing in sodium-rich soils. Because the ashes of these sodium-rich plants were noticeably different from ashes of wood (once used to produce potash), sodium carbonate became known as "soda ash". It is produced in large quantities from sodium chloride and limestone by the Solvay process.

Copper(II) sulfate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4. It forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate is the most common hydrate of copper(II) sulfate. Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.

Sodium sulfate Chemical compound with formula Na2SO4

Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used as a filler in the manufacture of powdered home laundry detergents and in the Kraft process of paper pulping for making highly alkaline sulfides.

Sodium alum Inorganic compound

Sodium aluminium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O (sometimes written Na2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powder and as a food additive. Its official mineral name is alum-Na (IMA symbol: Aum-Na).

Cobalt(II) carbonate Chemical compound

Cobalt(II) carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula CoCO3. This reddish paramagnetic solid is an intermediate in the hydrometallurgical purification of cobalt from its ores. It is an inorganic pigment, and a precursor to catalysts. Cobalt(II) carbonate also occurs as the rare red/pink mineral spherocobaltite.

Schröckingerite Radioactive yellow uranium-containing carbonate mineral

Schröckingerite is a radioactive yellow uranium-containing carbonate mineral, hydrated sodium calcium uranyl sulfate carbonate fluoride. Schröckingerite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, occurring as globular clusters, and fluoresces yellow-green under ultraviolet light.

Aluminium carbonate (Al2(CO3)3), is a carbonate of aluminium. It is not well characterized; one authority says that simple carbonates of aluminium are not known. However related compounds are known, such as the basic sodium aluminium carbonate mineral dawsonite (NaAlCO3(OH)2) and hydrated basic aluminium carbonate minerals scarbroite (Al5(CO3)(OH)13•5(H2O)) and hydroscarbroite (Al14(CO3)3(OH)36•nH2O).

Brianyoungite

Brianyoungite is a secondary zinc carbonate mineral. The Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) classifies it as a carbonate with the formula Zn3(CO3)(OH)4, but sulfate groups SO4 also occupy the carbonate CO3 positions, in the ratio of about one sulfate to three carbonates, so other sources give the formula as Zn3(CO3,SO4)(OH)4, and Gaines et al. classify the mineral as a compound carbonate. It is similar in appearance to hydrozincite, another zinc carbonate. It was discovered in 1991 and designated IMA1991-053. In 1993 it was named "brianyoungite" after Brian Young (born 1947), a field geologist with the British Geological Survey, who provided the first specimens.

Carbokentbrooksite is a very rare mineral of the eudialyte group, with formula (Na,[])12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSiO(Si9O27)2(Si3O9)2(OH)3(CO3).H2O. The original formula was extended to show the presence of cyclic silicate groups and silicon at the M4 site, according to the nomenclature of eudialyte group. Carbokenbrooksite characterizes in being carbonate-rich (the other eudialyte-group species with essential carbonate are zirsilite-(Ce), golyshevite, and mogovidite). It is also sodium rich, being sodium equivalent of zirsilite-(Ce), with which it is intimately associated.

Meisserite is a very rare uranium mineral with the formula Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O). It is interesting in being a natural uranyl salt with hydrosulfate (hydroxysulfate) anion, a feature shared with belakovskiite. Other chemically related minerals include fermiite, oppenheimerite, natrozippeite and plášilite. Most of these uranyl sulfate minerals was originally found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA.The mineral is named after Swiss mineralogist Nicolas Meisser.

Oppenheimerite is a very rare uranium mineral with the formula Na2(UO2)(SO4)2•3H2O. Chemically related minerals include fermiite, natrozippeite, plášilite, belakovskiite and meisserite. Most of these uranyl sulfate minerals were originally found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, US. The mineral is named after American Theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.

Plášilite is a very rare uranium mineral with the formula Na2(UO2)(SO4)2•3H2O. Chemically related minerals include natrozippeite, belakovskiite, meisserite, fermiite and oppenheimerite. Most of these uranyl sulfate minerals were originally found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, US. The mineral is named after Czech crystallographer Jakub Plášil.

Chalconatronite

Chalconatronite is a carbonate mineral and rare secondary copper mineral that contains copper, sodium, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, its chemical formula is Na2Cu(CO3)2•3(H2O). Chalconatronite is partially soluble in water, and only decomposes, although chalconatronite is soluble while cold, in dilute acids. The name comes from the mineral's compounds, copper ("chalcos" in Greek) and natron, naturally forming sodium carbonate. The mineral is thought to be formed by water carrying alkali carbonates (possibly from soil) reacting with bronze. Similar minerals include malachite, azurite, and other copper carbonates. Chalconatronite has also been found and recorded in Australia, Germany, and Colorado.

Sodium magnesium sulfate is a double sulfate of sodium and magnesium. There are a number of different stoichiometries and degrees of hydration with different crystal structures, and many are minerals. Members include:

Fluorocarbonate Class of chemical compounds

A carbonate fluoride, fluoride carbonate, fluorocarbonate or fluocarbonate is a double salt containing both carbonate and fluoride. The salts are usually insoluble in water, and can have more than one kind of metal cation to make more complex compounds. Rare-earth fluorocarbonates are particularly important as ore minerals for the light rare-earth elements lanthanum, cerium and neodymium. Bastnäsite is the most important source of these elements. Other artificial compounds are under investigation as non-linear optical materials and for transparency in the ultraviolet, with effects over a dozen times greater than Potassium dideuterium phosphate.

The fluoride phosphates or phosphate fluorides are inorganic double salts that contain both fluoride and phosphate anions. In mineralogy, Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these as 22.1. The Nickel-Strunz grouping is 8.BN.

The carbonate chlorides are double salts containing both carbonate and chloride anions. Quite a few minerals are known. Several artificial compounds have been made. Some complexes have both carbonate and chloride ligands. They are part of the family of halocarbonates. In turn these halocarbonates are a part of mixed anion materials.

The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.

The sulfate nitrates are a family of double salts that contain both sulfate and nitrate ions (NO3−, SO42−). They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. A few rare minerals are in this class. Two sulfate nitrates are in the class of anthropogenic compounds, accidentally made as a result of human activities in fertilizers that are a mix of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, and also in the atmosphere as polluting ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide react with the oxygen and water there to form solid particles. The nitro group (NO3−) can act as a ligand, and complexes containing it can form salts with sulfate.

The sulfate fluorides are double salts that contain both sulfate and fluoride anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. Some of these minerals are deposited in fumaroles.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Susannite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  2. ↑ Green, Stanley J.; Frattali, Francis J. (September 1946). "The System Sodium Carbonate-Sodium Sulfate-Sodium Hydroxide-Water at 100°". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 68 (9): 1789–1794. doi:10.1021/ja01213a033.
  3. ↑ Teertstra, D. K.; Schindler, M.; Sherriff, B. L.; Hawthorne, F. C. (June 1999). "Silvialite, a new sulfate-dominant member of the scapolite group with an Al-Si composition near the 14/ m – P 4 2 / n phase transition". Mineralogical Magazine. 63 (3): 321–329. Bibcode:1999MinM...63..321T. doi:10.1180/002646199548547. ISSN   0026-461X. S2CID   129588463.
  4. ↑ Eysel, W.; Höfer, H. H.; Keester, K. L.; Hahn, Th. (1985-02-01). "Crystal chemistry and structure of Na 2 SO 4 (I) and its solid solutions". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science. 41 (1): 5–11. doi:10.1107/S0108768185001501. ISSN   0108-7681.
  5. ↑ "Brianyoungite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  6. ↑ "Burkeite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  7. ↑ "Caledonite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  8. ↑ "Carraraite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  9. ↑ "Carbonatecyanotrichite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  10. ↑ Biagioni, Cristian; Orlandi, Paolo (2017-12-01). "Claraite, (Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O: redefinition and crystal structure". European Journal of Mineralogy. 29 (6): 1031–1044. Bibcode:2017EJMin..29.1031B. doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2669. hdl: 11568/895507 . ISSN   0935-1221.
  11. ↑ "Ferrotychite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  12. ↑ Callegari, Athos Maria; Boiocchi, Massimo; Zema, Michele; Tarantino, Serena Chiara (2018-08-01). "The crystal structure of hanksite, Na 22 K(CO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 9 Cl, refined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen. 195 (2): 115–122. doi:10.1127/njma/2018/0113. ISSN   0077-7757. S2CID   134964473.
  13. ↑ "Hauckite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  14. ↑ "Jouravskite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  15. ↑ "Korkinoite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  16. ↑ "Latiumite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 Jones, G. C.; Jackson, B. (2012). Infrared Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 18. ISBN   978-94-011-2120-0.
  18. ↑ "Leadhillite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  19. ↑ "Macphersonite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  20. ↑ "Manganotychite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
  21. ↑ "Mineevite-(Y): Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  22. ↑ "Nakauriite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  23. ↑ "Nasledovite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  24. ↑ "Paraotwayite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  25. ↑ "Philolithite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  26. ↑ "Mineralienatlas - Fossilienatlas". www.mineralienatlas.de (in German). Retrieved 2020-06-11.
  27. ↑ "Pyroaurite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
  28. ↑ "Rapidcreekite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  29. ↑ "Schröckingerite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  30. ↑ "Susannite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
  31. ↑ "Tatarskite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  32. ↑ "Tatarskite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
  33. ↑ "Thaumasite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  34. ↑ "Tychite: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  35. ↑ Kaneva, Ekaterina (2015-09-01). "Investigation of the sulfur speciation in cancrinite group minerals using Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis [in Russian]".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  36. ↑ "UM1997-27-CO:CaHKSU: Mineral information, data and localities". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  37. ↑ Swanson, Howard E.; McMurdie, Howard F.; Morris, Marlene C.; Evans, Eloise H.; Paretzkin, Boris (February 1974). "Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns: Section 11. Data for 70 Substances". UNT Digital Library. p. 51. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
  38. ↑ Wang, Jinsheng; Wu, Yinghai; Anthony, Edward J. (July 2007). "Reactions of solid CaSO4 and Na2CO3 and formation of sodium carbonate sulfate double salts". Thermochimica Acta. 459 (1–2): 121–124. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.014.
  39. ↑ Livingstone, A. (September 1987). "A basic magnesium carbonate, a possible dimorph of artinite, from Unst, Shetland". Mineralogical Magazine. 51 (361): 459–462. Bibcode:1987MinM...51..459L. doi:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.13. ISSN   0026-461X. S2CID   10869061.
  40. 1 2 3 Wu, Jiansong; Yang, Yifeng (October 2019). "Synthesis and Structural Analysis of LDH-SO4-CO3 Whisker". Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 34 (5): 1085–1088. doi:10.1007/s11595-019-2163-2. ISSN   1000-2413. S2CID   203852725.
  41. ↑ Macikenas, Dainius; Hazell, R. G.; Christensen, A. Nørlund; Balashev, Konstantin P.; Songstad, Jon; Mo, Frode; Bartfai, Tamas; Langel, Ülo (1995). "X-Ray Crystallographic Study of Tetrammine-Carbonatocobalt(III) Sulfate Trihydrate, [Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4.3H2O". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 49: 636–639. doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0636 . ISSN   0904-213X.
  42. ↑ Kremer, Eduardo; Piriz Mac-Coll, Carlos R. (October 1971). ".mu.-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) salts". Inorganic Chemistry. 10 (10): 2182–2186. doi:10.1021/ic50104a018. ISSN   0020-1669.
  43. ↑ Churchill, Melvyn Rowen.; Lashewycz, Romana A.; Koshy, Kanayuthu.; Dasgupta, Tara P. (February 1981). "Synthesis, properties, and crystallographic characterization of a dinuclear .mu.-carbonato complex of cobalt(III): [(NH3)3Co(.mu.-OH)2(.mu.-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4.5H2O". Inorganic Chemistry. 20 (2): 376–381. doi:10.1021/ic50216a012. ISSN   0020-1669.
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