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Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah was the first sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra, reigning from about 1514 until his death. Although he was not the first ruler of the Aceh heartland, he is considered the founder of the greater Aceh empire. His time also saw the emergence of the long struggle with the Portuguese for the political and economic supremacy in the Melaka Straits. Sultan Ali's life and career are nevertheless ill-chronicled, and have to be pieced together from various Acehnese, Malay and European accounts.
Sultan Salahuddin was the second sultan of Aceh, reigning from 1530 to c. 1537 or 1539. He was the eldest son of Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah, the founder of Aceh's power. He led a short and weak rule before being supplanted by his ambitious younger brother Alauddin al-Kahar.
Sultan in Ri'ayat Syah al-Kahar was the third sultan of Aceh, and was one of the strongest warrior rulers in the history of the sultanate. In his time the power structures that his father had begun were greatly strengthened. His age was marked by warfare with the Portuguese and Malay rivals, with varying degrees of success.
Iskandar Muda was the twelfth Sulṭān of Acèh Darussalam, under whom the sultanate achieved its greatest territorial extent, and was the strongest power and wealthiest state in the western Indonesian archipelago and the Strait of Malacca. "Iskandar Muda" literally means "young Alexander," and his conquests were often compared to those of Alexander the Great. In addition to his notable conquests, during his reign, Aceh became known as an international centre of Islamic learning and trade. He was the last Sultan of Aceh from male descendant of Ali Mughayat Syah as the founder and the first Sultan of Aceh Sultanate. Iskandar Muda's death meant that the founding dynasty of Aceh Sultanate, the House of Meukuta Alam died out and was replaced by other dynasty.
Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah I, also known as Sultan Husain, was the fourth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He reigned from 1571 to 1579 and continued his father's policy of fighting the Portuguese in Melaka.
Sultan Muda was a nominal sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. His brief tenure started a decade-long period of dynastic weakness and strife in the Aceh kingdom.
Sultan Sri Alam, also known as Sultan Mughal was the sixth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He led a very brief reign in the year 1579 before being deposed and killed.
Sultan Zainul Abidin was the seventh sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. His reign was the last of three brief ones in the year 1579.
Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah was the eighth Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled Aceh from 1579 to 1585 or 1586 and was known as a pious Muslim ruler with cultural interests. His reign also saw some military expansion on the Malay Peninsula. With his death ended a 65-years long period of warfare between Aceh and the Portuguese.
Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal was the tenth Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra, ruling in 1589-1604. His reign is important since it saw the arrival of three new European powers to the region of the Melaka Straits: the Dutch, English and French.
Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah III was the eleventh Sulṭān of Acèh Darussalam in northern Sumatra. He had a brief and turbulent reign from 1604 to 1607 before being succeeded by his more famous nephew Iskandar Muda.
Sultan Inayat Zakiatuddin Syah was the sixteenth monarch of the Acèh Darussalam and the third sulṭāna regnant to rule in succession. Her reign lasted from 1678 to 1688 and was generally peaceful.
Sultan Alauddin Johan Syah was the twenty-fourth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He represented the second generation of the Bugis Dynasty of Aceh and ruled from 1735 to 1760.
Sultan Alauddin Mahmud Syah I was the twenty-fifth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled from 1760 to 1781, although his reign was twice interrupted by usurpers.
Sultan Sulaiman Syah was the twenty-seventh sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He usurped the throne from the reigning Bugis Dynasty and held power May–July 1773.
Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Syah was the twenty-eighth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He was the fourth ruler of the Bugis Dynasty and reigned between 1781 and 1795.
Sultan Alauddin Jauhar ul-Alam Syah was the twenty-ninth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled in 1795-1815 and again in 1819-1823, the intervening period being filled by the usurper Syarif Saiful Alam Syah.
Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah I was the thirty-first sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He was the sixth ruler of the Bugis Dynasty and reigned from 1823 to 1838.
Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah was the thirty-second sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. His largely nominal reign lasted from 1838 to 1857.
Sultan Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah, also known as Ali Alauddin Mansur Syah was the thirty-third sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He was the eight ruler of the Bugis Dynasty and ruled de facto from 1838, formally from 1857 to 1870.