The Suppression of Wawrzyszew (Polish: Pacyfikacja Wawrzyszewa) was a pacification operation during the Second World War, enacted by German forces on the population of the village of Wawrzyszew (now part of Warsaw, Poland). It took place on 3 August 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, and as part of it, 30 inhabitants of the village were killed, the buildings set on fire, and remaining population displaced.
Following the beginning of the Warsaw Uprising, between 1 and 2 August 1944, the Polish partisans of the Home Army had attacked the nearby Bielany Aerodrome, which was heavily guarded by German forces. The attack was unsuccessful, ending in a German victory, and retreat of the partisans. [1] There were also clashes in the area of Bielany, including a few small fights in Wawrzyszew. [2] On 3 August 1944, German forces attacked partisants in Bielany, which fought of the attack with heavy losses. [3]
Following the unsuccessful attack, German forces decided to take revenge on the population of the nearby village of Wawrzyszew (now part of Warsaw, Poland). [3] Later that day, German forces, who according to the testimonies of the witnesses were from the Protection Squadron, entered the village. They set buildings on fire, destroyed them with grenades, and expelled the population. People who fought back, or were too slow to leave, were killed at the scene. Additionally, the attackers also executed several men. In total 30 people, including women and children, were killed, while a portion of the village was burned down. [2] [4] The surviving population was displaced. [5]
On 22 November 1992, on the intersection of Wólczyńska Street and Wolumen Street was unveiled a metal Christian cross, and a plaque, commemorating the events of the Suppression of Wawrzyszew. The plaque includes names of 34 identified victims killed during the event, and additionally is dedicated to the unidentified civilians and soldiers of the Home Army, who were buried at the nearby Wawrzyszew Cemetery. [6]
The Warsaw Uprising, sometimes referred to as the August Uprising, was a major World War II operation by the Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led by the Polish resistance Home Army. The uprising was timed to coincide with the retreat of the German forces from Poland ahead of the Soviet advance. While approaching the eastern suburbs of the city, the Red Army halted combat operations, enabling the Germans to regroup and defeat the Polish resistance and to destroy the city in retaliation. The Uprising was fought for 63 days with little outside support. It was the single largest military effort taken by any European resistance movement during World War II. The defeat of the uprising and suppression of the Home Army enabled the pro-Soviet Polish administration, instead of the Polish government-in-exile based in London, to take control of Poland afterwards. Poland would remain as part of the Soviet-aligned Eastern Bloc throughout the Cold War until 1989.
Saviour Square is an urban square and roundabout in Downtown Warsaw, Poland. It is formed by the intersection of Marszałkowska Street, Mokotowska Street, Nowowiejska Street, and Emancipation Avenue.
The Ochota massacre was a wave of German-orchestrated mass murder, looting, arson, torture and rape, which swept through the Warsaw district of Ochota from 4–25 August 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising. The principal perpetrators of these war crimes were the Nazi collaborationist S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A., the so-called "Russian National Liberation Army", commanded by Bronislav Kaminski.
The District of Warsaw (of Armia Krajowa) (Polish: Okręg Warszawa) - one of territorial organisational units of the Polish Home Army, covered the territory of Warsaw and its close neighbourhood i.e. the Powiat of Warsaw. Military units belonging to that district took part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
Tchorek plaques are a common design of memorial plaque in Warsaw, Poland, used to commemorate places where battles or executions took place during the German occupation of the city during World War II. They are based on an original design by sculptor Karol Tchorek from 1949.
Młynarki was the popular name for the currency notes of the General Government during World War II that were issued by the German-controlled Bank of Issue in Poland. They were named after the president of the bank, Feliks Młynarski.
The massacre in the Jesuit monastery on Rakowiecka Street in Warsaw was a Nazi German war crime perpetrated by members of the Waffen-SS on the second day of the Warsaw Uprising, during the Second World War. On 2 August 1944 about 40 Poles were murdered and their bodies burnt in the basement of the Jesuit monastery at 61 Rakowiecka Street in Warsaw. Among the victims were 16 priests and religious brothers of the Society of Jesus.
"W" Hour, also spelled as W-Hour(Polish: Godzina „W”'), was the codename for the date and time that began Operation Tempest in German-occupied Warsaw, and hence the Warsaw Uprising. The exact time was 5:00 PM on 1 August 1944.
The execution at Powązkowska Street - a mass murder of 22 Warsaw residents of Powązki by the Germans on 1 August 1944. This execution, which claimed the lives of men living in a house at 41 Powązkowska Street, was one of the first German crimes committed during the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising.
Massacre on Bracka Street - a series of murders, arson and other serious violations of the wartime law committed by soldiers of the German Wehrmacht during attempts to unblock the section of Jerozolimskie Avenue held by the insurgents in Warsaw.
The Suppression of Mokotów was a wave of mass murders, looting, arson and rapes that swept through the Warsaw district of Mokotów during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. Crimes against prisoners of war and civilians of the district were committed by the Germans until the capitulation of Mokotów on September 27, 1944, although they intensified in the first days of the uprising.
The Massacre in the Mokotów prison was a mass murder of residents of the Mokotów Prison in Warsaw by the Germans on the second day of the Warsaw Uprising. On August 2, 1944, soldiers of the Waffen-SS - SS-Pz. Gren. Ausb.-und Ers. Btl. 3 shot about 600 Poles on the premises of the prison at 37 Rakowiecka Street. It was one of the biggest crimes committed by the Germans in Mokotów during the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising. During the massacre, some prisoners actively resisted the Nazis, which allowed several hundred people to escape to the area controlled by the insurgents.
Gmina Mokotów was a rural gmina (municipality) of the Warsaw County, located in the Warsaw Governorate, with its seat of government located in the village of Mokotów. From 1867 to 1915, it was part of Vistula Land in the Russian Empire, and from 1915 to 1916, part of the Government General of Warsaw administrated by the German Empire. On 8 April 1916, from the orders of governor-general Hans Hartwig von Beseler, Gmina Mokotów was incorporated into the city of Warsaw. Its administration was ultimately resolved on 1 July 1916, being fully incorporated into city administration. It was a highly urbanized municipality, de facto functioning as a suburb of Warsaw.
The General Gustaw Orlicz-Dreszer Park, also simply known as Dreszer Park, is an urban park in the city of Warsaw, Poland, in the district of Mokotów. It is located between Ursynowska Street, Puławska Street, Odyńca Street, and Krasickiego Street. The park was designed by Zygmunt Hellwig, and opened in 1938.
Wawrzyszew is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, in Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Bielany.
Chomiczówka is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, in Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Bielany.
The Raid on Truskaw was a surprising attack on the battalion stationed in the village of Truskaw by the Kaminski Brigade, carried out on the night of 2/3 September 1944 by a detachment from the Kampinos Group led by Lieutenant Adolf Pilch, codenamed Dolina.
The insurgent attacks on the Bielany airfield were an unsuccessful attempt by the Home Army soldiers to capture the Bielany airfield in Warsaw during the early days of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.
Insurgent attacks on the Warszawa Gdańska railway station were multiple attempts by soldiers of the Home Army to capture the Warszawa Gdańska railway station in Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.