The Supreme Council of Military Justice (Spanish : Consejo Supremo de Justicia Militar, CSJM) [1] was a body of military justice that existed in Spain. Created during the Francoist regime, it recovered the functions of other historical bodies. Currently its functions are exercised by the Fifth Chamber of the Supreme Court.
Its origins date back to the time of the Hispanic Monarchy, when the Supreme Council of War was an advisory body that was closely connected to the Council of State. [2] There is evidence of the existence of the Council of War since at least 1516. Over the following centuries it changed its name on numerous occasions, as did its powers over the Army and the Navy.[ citation needed ]
Between 1834 and 1869 it was called the "Supreme Court of War and Navy". During the following years its structure changed, and the Royal Decree of 13 February 1878 named it the Supreme Council of War and Navy. [3] Its activity extended practically throughout the entire period of the Restoration. In 1931, after the proclamation of the Second Republic, it disappeared following the military reform of Manuel Azaña (Azaña Law), which transferred its functions and powers to the Sixth Chamber of the Supreme Court. [4] This measure caused enormous unrest among the Armed Forces, who considered it an intrusion of civil power into the military sphere. [5]
Following the outbreak of the Civil War, a Military Court of Justice was organised within the Nationalist faction, which in 1939 (with the establishment of the Francoist regime) would lead to the creation of the Supreme Council of Military Justice (CSJM). This new body, which was part of the Army Ministry, [7] recovered the powers of the former Supreme Council of War and Navy that had disappeared in 1931. It was chaired by Emilio Fernández Pérez. [8] The formation of the entity meant a return of the powers of military justice to the strictly military sphere. It was based in the Palace of Fontalba , on La Castellana in Madrid, which is now occupied by the Attorney General's office.
On 3 June 1982, the CSJM, chaired by Federico Gómez de Salazar, [9] issued a sentence against the military personnel who participated in the 1981 coup attempt (Case 2/81). [10]
By Organic Law 4/1987, of 15 July 1987, the CSJM disappeared and its functions were assumed by the Fifth Chamber of the Supreme Court. [11]
The Ministry of Culture (MC) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the promotion, protection and dissemination of the Spanish historical heritage, national museums, art, books, reading and literary creation, of cinematographic and audiovisual activities and of national archives and libraries.
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Business (MINECO) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for proposing and carrying out the government policy on economic affairs, through reforms to improve competitiveness and trade, focused on business support and the potential growth of the economy. At the same time, it directs the commercial policy of internationalization of companies, as well as the supervision of investments and foreign transactions.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for proposing and carrying out the government policy on agricultural, livestock and fishery resources, food industry, rural development and human food. The Ministry is responsible for assigning Veterinary Surgeons to carry out checks in regard to the issuing of REGA Licences a requirement for the ownership of horses on Spanish property and small holdings.
The Ministry of Territorial Policy and Democratic Memory (MPTMD), is the department of the Government of Spain which manages the policies of the government regarding relations and cooperation with the Autonomous Communities and with the entities that integrate the Local Administration and those related to the territorial organization of the country and with the Government Delegations and Sub-Delegations in the regions and provinces.
The president of the Regional Government of Andalusia or, simply the president of Andalusia, is the premier of the devolved government of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia. The presidency is one of the three branches of the Regional Government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía), the institution whereby the government of the community is organized. The other two branches of are the Parliament of Andalusia and the Council of Government.
The third government of Adolfo Suárez was formed on 6 April 1979, following the latter's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 30 March and his swearing-in on 2 April, as a result of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1979 Spanish general election. It succeeded the second Suárez government and was the Government of Spain from 6 April 1979 to 27 February 1981, a total of 693 days, or 1 year, 10 months and 21 days.
The government of Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo was formed on 27 February 1981, following the latter's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 25 February and his swearing-in on 26 February, as a result of Adolfo Suárez's resignation from the post on 29 January 1981. It succeeded the third Suárez government and was the Government of Spain from 27 February 1981 to 3 December 1982, a total of 644 days, or 1 year, 9 months and 6 days.
The second government of Felipe González was formed on 26 July 1986, following the latter's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 23 July and his swearing-in on 24 July, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1986 Spanish general election. It succeeded the first González government and was the Government of Spain from 26 July 1986 to 7 December 1989, a total of 1,230 days, or 3 years, 4 months and 11 days.
The first government of Carlos Arias Navarro was formed on 4 January 1974, following the latter's appointment as Prime Minister of Spain by Head of State Francisco Franco on 29 December and his swearing-in on 2 January, as a result of Luis Carrero Blanco's assassination on 20 December 1973. It succeeded the Carrero Blanco government and was the Government of Spain from 4 January 1974 to 12 December 1975, a total of 707 days, or 1 year, 11 months and 8 days.
The Ministry of the Army was a government department of Spain that was tasked with oversight of the Spanish Army during the Francoist regime.
The Ministry of the Air was a government department of Spain that was tasked with oversight of both the Spanish Air Force and civil aviation during the Francoist regime.
The government of Luis Carrero Blanco was formed on 12 June 1973, following his appointment and swearing-in as Prime Minister of Spain on 9 June by Head of State Francisco Franco, who for the first time since 1938 had chosen to detach the figure of the head of government from that he held of head of state. It succeeded the eighth Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 12 June to 31 December 1973, a total of 202 days, or 6 months and 19 days.
The eighth government of Francisco Franco was formed on 30 October 1969, after the latter had sacked 13 out of 18 of his ministers—in what was to become the largest cabinet reshuffle in the whole Francoist period—as a result of internal divisions between the various factions within the National Movement and the unveiling of the Matesa scandal earlier that year. It succeeded the seventh Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 30 October 1969 to 9 June 1973, a total of 1,318 days, or 3 years, 7 months and 10 days.
The seventh government of Francisco Franco was formed on 8 July 1965. It succeeded the sixth Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 8 July 1965 to 30 October 1969, a total of 1,575 days, or 4 years, 3 months and 22 days.
The sixth government of Francisco Franco was formed on 11 July 1962. It succeeded the fifth Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 11 July 1962 to 8 July 1965, a total of 1,093 days, or 2 years, 11 months and 27 days.
The fourth government of Francisco Franco was formed on 19 July 1951. It succeeded the third Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 19 July 1951 to 25 February 1957, a total of 2,048 days, or 5 years, 7 months and 6 days.
The third government of Francisco Franco was formed on 20 July 1945, following the end of World War II in Europe. It succeeded the second Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 20 July 1945 to 19 July 1951, a total of 2,190 days, or 5 years, 11 months and 29 days.
The second government of Francisco Franco was formed on 9 August 1939, following the end of the Spanish Civil War. It succeeded the first Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 9 August 1939 to 20 July 1945, a total of 2,172 days, or 5 years, 11 months and 11 days.
The first government of Francisco Franco was formed on 31 January 1938 during the Spanish Civil War, shortly after having been proclaimed as Head of State of Spain. It succeeded the Technical State Junta in the Nationalist zone—eventually, it would also take over from the Republican National Defence Council at the end of the war—and was the Government of Spain from 31 January 1938 to 9 August 1939, a total of 555 days, or 1 year, 6 months and 9 days.
Salvador Moreno Fernández was a Spanish admiral who served as Minister of the Navy of Spain between 1939 and 1945 and between 1951 and 1957, during the Francoist dictatorship.
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