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A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms. A disease may be caused by external factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions. For example, internal dysfunctions of the immune system can produce a variety of different diseases, including various forms of immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity, allergies and autoimmune disorders.
Detoxification or detoxication is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including the human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver. Additionally, it can refer to the period of drug withdrawal during which an organism returns to homeostasis after long-term use of an addictive substance. In medicine, detoxification can be achieved by decontamination of poison ingestion and the use of antidotes as well as techniques such as dialysis and chelation therapy.
Photophobia is a medical symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light. As a medical symptom photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical sensitivity of the eyes, though the term is sometimes additionally applied to abnormal or irrational fear of light such as heliophobia. The term photophobia comes from the Greek φῶς (phōs), meaning "light", and φόβος (phóbos), meaning "fear".
Iron overload or haemochromatosis indicates increased total accumulation of iron in the body from any cause and resulting organ damage. The most important causes are hereditary haemochromatosis, a genetic disorder, and transfusional iron overload, which can result from repeated blood transfusions.
An arthropathy is a disease of a joint.
Hypersalivation, or ptyalism, also known as sialorrhea or hypersialosis is the excessive production of saliva. It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva.
In the upper part of the medulla oblongata, the hypoglossal nucleus approaches the rhomboid fossa, where it lies close to the middle line, under an eminence named the hypoglossal trigone. It is a slight elevation in the floor of the inferior recess of the fourth ventricle, beneath which is the nucleus of origin of the twelfth cranial nerve.
An ungual is a highly modified distal toe bone which ends in a hoof, claw, or nail. Elephants and ungulates have ungual phalanges, as did the sauropods and horned dinosaurs. A claw is a highly modified ungual phalanx.
Epimerases and racemases are isomerase enzymes that catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry in biological molecules. Racemases catalyze the stereochemical inversion around the asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having only one center of asymmetry. Epimerases catalyze the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry, thus interconverting epimers.
A joint, which is commonly referred to as a spliff, "doobie" or "doob", is a rolled cannabis cigarette. Unlike commercial tobacco cigarettes, the user ordinarily hand-rolls joints with rolling papers, though in some cases they are machine-rolled. Rolling papers are the most common rolling medium in industrialized countries; however, brown paper, cigarettes or beedies with the tobacco removed, receipts and paper napkin can also be used, particularly in developing countries. Modern papers are manufactured in a range of sizes from a wide variety of materials including rice, hemp, and flax, and are also available in liquorice and other flavoured varieties.
Diaphragmatic paradox or paradoxical diaphragm phenomenon is an abnormal medical sign observed during respiration, in which the diaphragm moves opposite to the normal directions of its movements. The diaphragm normally moves downwards during inspiration and upwards during expiration. But in diaphragmatic paradox, it moves upwards during inspiration and downwards during expiration.
A mandrin is a metal guide for flexible catheters. It is a stiff wire or stylet inserted into the soft catheter and gives it shape and firmness while passing through a hollow tubular structure. It is sometimes called a mandrel, although mandrel may refer to other types of instruments as well.
Exeresis may refer to the surgical removal of any part or organ, roughly synonymous to excision. However, it may specifically refer to clearing the uterus of its contents after a miscarriage, such as vacuum aspiration.
Teleopsia is a vision perception disorder, in which objects appear much farther away than they are. Teleopsia is a disorder associated with dysmetropsia.
Dryness is a medical condition in which there is local or more generalized decrease in normal lubrication of the skin or mucous membranes.
A papulopustular condition is a condition composed of both papule and pustules.
The venous angle, also known as Pirogoff's angle and in Latin as angulus venosus, is the junction where the internal jugular and subclavian veins at each side of the neck merge to form the corresponding brachiocephalic vein. The left venous angle receives lymph from the thoracic duct. The right venous angle receives lymph from the right lymphatic trunk. The (right) lymphatic trunk is only about 1 cm long and conveys lymph from the right side of the thorax as well as the right arm and parts of the head and neck. The eponym is a reference to Nikolay Pirogov.
Klemm's sign, also known as air cushion sign, is a sign of chronic appendicitis.
Nägele's obliquity is the presentation of the anterior parietal bone to the birth canal during vaginal delivery with the biparietal diameter being oblique to the brim of the pelvis. The synonym for this presentation is anterior asynclitism. It was first described in 1777 by German Karl Nägele.
In botany phorophytes are plants, on which epiphytes grow. The term is composed of phoro, meaning bearer or carrier and phyte, meaning plant.
References
- 1 2 thefreedictionary.com > sycosis citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
- 1 2 thefreedictionary.com > sycosis citing: The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007
- 1 2 thefreedictionary.com > sycosis citing: Miller-Keane Encyclopedia & Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003
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