Symphony No. 1 (Scriabin)

Last updated

Alexander Scriabin's Symphony No. 1, Op. 26, in E major was written in 1899 and 1900. It is an ambitious first symphony, consisting of six movements, the last of which has a chorus and two vocal soloists. This work is one of the first in which Scriabin's idea of art morally transforming a person is clearly expressed.

Contents

History

The composer began to sketch the symphony in 1899. In January 1900 he tried it out at the piano in Moscow with this friend Alexander Goldenweiser. In this version for two pianos the work was played to various musicians, including Lyadov (who later that year conducted the premiere of the symphony, minus the last movement.) Scriabin wrote the bulk of the work in the summer of 1900, working on it intensively in the Moscow district of Daryino. In June 1900 he wrote to the publisher Belyayev that he was "very busy composing for orchestra", and three months later in September he reported: "During the summer I wrote a symphony (6 movements) and am now orchestrating it".

Scriabin first showed his symphony to his teacher Safonov at the piano, then to Lyadov when he came to St. Petersburg. Scriabin had prevaricated over the definitive text of the choral finale, which he himself had written, but the artistic committee which presided over the acceptance of works to be published by the publishing house (headed by Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov and Lyadov) declared: "the vocal part in the sixth movement of your symphony is unperformable, and in such a form this movement of the symphony cannot be published".

Despite Scriabin's protestations, when Lyadov conducted the work's premiere on 24 November 1900 (11 November, Old Style), the finale was omitted.

Scriabin nonetheless was awarded the coveted Glinka Award (later renamed the Glinka Prize) in November 1900 for this work.

It was to be another five months before the symphony was heard in its entirety: the symphony had its first complete performance in Moscow on 29 March 1901 (16 March, Old Style) under the direction of Safonov, in a concert dedicated to the memory of Nikolai Rubinstein.

Fifteen years later the critic Arthur Eaglefield Hull wrote that the First Symphony was "a masterly work of great beauty". [1]

Instrumentation

The symphony is scored for mezzo-soprano, tenor, mixed chorus (SATB), and an orchestra consisting of 3 flutes (3rd also piccolo), 2 oboes, 3 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bells, harp, and strings.

Structure

The work is in six movements:

  1. Lento
    Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf
  2. Allegro drammatico
    Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf
  3. Lento
    Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf
  4. Vivace
    Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf
  5. Allegro
    Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf
  6. Andante
    Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf

Finale

The finale is a paean to the sovereignty of Art, a theme common in Scriabin's works. The words were written by Scriabin himself. The mezzo-soprano begins the movement with "O highest symbol of divinity, supreme art and harmony, we bring praise as tribute before you", and the piece concludes with mezzo-soprano, tenor and—finally—the chorus singing "Ruling omnipotently over the earth, you lift man up to do glorious deeds. Come all peoples everywhere to Art. Let us sing its praises." [2] [3]

The full translation of the text of the final movement is roughly as follows:

O wonderful image of the Divine,
Harmony's pure Art!
To you we gladly bring
Praise of that rapturous feeling.
You are life’s bright hope,
You are celebration, you are respite,
Like a gift you bring to the people
Your enchanted visions.
In that gloomy and cold hour,
When the soul is full of tumult,
Man finds in you
The spry joy of consolation.
Strength, fallen in battle, you
Miraculously call to life,
In the exhausted and afflicted mind
You breed thoughts of a new order.
An endless ocean of emotion you
Breed in the enraptured heart,
And sings the best songs of songs,
Your high priest, by you enlivened.
On Earth gloriously reigns
Your spirit, free and mighty,
Man lifted by you
Gloriously conducts the greatest feat.
Come, all peoples of the world,
Let us sing the praises of Art!
Glory to Art,
Glory forever!

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Stenhammar</span> Swedish musician

Carl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammar was a Swedish composer, conductor and pianist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anatoly Lyadov</span> Russian composer, teacher and conductor (1855–1914)

Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov was a Russian composer, teacher and conductor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikolai Medtner</span> Russian composer and pianist

Nikolai Karlovich Medtner was a Russian composer and virtuoso pianist. After a period of comparative obscurity in the 25 years immediately after his death, he is now becoming recognized as one of the most significant Russian composers for the piano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ulvi Cemal Erkin</span> Turkish composer (1906 - 1972)

Ulvi Cemal Erkin was a member of the pioneer group of symphonic composers in Turkey, born in the period 1904–1910, who later came to be called The Turkish Five. These composers set out the direction of music in the newly established Turkish Republic. These composers distinguished themselves with their use of Turkish folk music and modal elements in an entirely Western symphonic style.

Georgy Lvovich Catoire was a Russian composer of French heritage.

Daniel Steven Crafts is an American composer. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, but has spent most of his life in the San Francisco Bay Area.

The Symphony No. 2 in C minor, Op. 17 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was composed in 1872. One of Tchaikovsky's joyful compositions, it was successful right from its premiere and also won the favor of the group of nationalistic Russian composers known as "The Five", led by Mily Balakirev. Because Tchaikovsky used three Ukrainian folk songs to great effect in this symphony, it was nicknamed the "Little Russian" by Nikolay Kashkin, a friend of the composer as well as a well-known musical critic in Moscow. Ukraine was at that time frequently called "Little Russia".

Alexander Scriabin's Symphony No. 2, Op. 29, in C minor was written in 1901 and first performed in St Petersburg under Anatol Lyadov on 12 January 1902.

The Bells, Op. 35, is a choral symphony by Sergei Rachmaninoff, written in 1913 and premiered in St Petersburg on 30 November that year under the composer's baton. The words are from the poem The Bells by Edgar Allan Poe, very freely translated into Russian by the symbolist poet Konstantin Balmont. The traditional Gregorian melody Dies Irae is used frequently throughout the work. It was one of Rachmaninoff's two favorite compositions, along with his All-Night Vigil, and is considered by some to be his secular choral masterpiece. Rachmaninoff called the work both a choral symphony and (unofficially) his Third Symphony shortly after writing it; however, he would later write a purely instrumental Third Symphony at his new villa in Switzerland. Rachmaninoff dedicated The Bells to Dutch conductor Willem Mengelberg and the Concertgebouw Orchestra. The US Premiere of the work was given by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra and Chorus on 6 February 1920 and the UK Premiere by Sir Henry Wood and the Liverpool Philharmonic and Chorus on 15 March 1921.

Antonín Dvořák's Requiem in B minor, Op. 89, B. 165, is a funeral Mass scored for soloists, choir and orchestra. It was composed in 1890 and performed for the first time on 9 October 1891, in Birmingham, England, with the composer conducting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Sonata No. 1 (Rachmaninoff)</span> Composition for piano by Sergei Rachmaninoff

Piano Sonata No. 1 in D minor, Op. 28, is a piano sonata by Sergei Rachmaninoff, completed in 1908. It is the first of three "Dresden pieces", along with the Symphony No. 2 and part of an opera, which were composed in the quiet city of Dresden, Germany. It was originally inspired by Goethe's tragic play Faust; although Rachmaninoff abandoned the idea soon after beginning composition, traces of this influence can still be found. After numerous revisions and substantial cuts made at the advice of his colleagues, he completed it on April 11, 1908. Konstantin Igumnov gave the premiere in Moscow on October 17, 1908. It received a lukewarm response there, and remains one of the least performed of Rachmaninoff's works.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 1 (Rimsky-Korsakov)</span>

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov composed his Symphony No. 1 in E minor, Op. 1, between 1861 and 1865 under the guidance of Mily Balakirev. Balakirev also premiered the work at a concert of the Free Music School in December 1865. Rimsky-Korsakov revised the work in 1884.

The Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 3, by Nikolai Myaskovsky was written in 1908.

William Mayer was an American composer, best known for his prize-winning opera A Death in the Family.

The Russian composer Nikolai Myaskovsky wrote his Symphony No. 11 in B-flat minor in 1931/1932.

<i>Commemorative Cantata for the Centenary of the Birth of Pushkin</i> Cantata by Alexander Glazunov

Commemorative Cantata for the Centenary of the Birth of Pushkin, Op. 65, is a cantata by Alexander Glazunov, composed in 1899 in memory of author Alexander Pushkin. It is also known as Memorial Cantata and Cantata in Memory of Pushkin's 100th Birthday. The work in five movements on lyrics by Konstantin Romanov is scored for solo voices, choir and piano.

The Requiem is a composition for soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone, chorus, and orchestra by the American composer John Harbison. Composed over a period of seventeen years, the complete work was finished in 2002 on a commission from the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Its world premiere was given by the soprano Christine Brewer, mezzo-soprano Margaret Lattimore, tenor Paul Groves, baritone Jonathan Lemalu the Tanglewood Festival Chorus, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Bernard Haitink on March 6, 2003.

References

  1. Bernard Jacobson, 1991, Scriabin, Symphonies 1, 2 and 3, etc., UPC 724356772021.
  2. Aspen no. 2, item 2: Scriabin Again and Again
  3. Alain Cochard, 1996, Scriabin, Symphony No 1, UPC 730099458023.

Symphony No. 1 (Scriabin) : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project